Gulnara Zhabelova

Multiagent Smart Grid Automation Architecture Based on IEC 61850/61499 Intelligent Logical Nodes

Universal, intelligent, and multifunctional devices controlling power distribution and measurement will become the enabling technology of the Smart Grid ICT. In this paper, we report on a novel automation architecture which supports distributed multiagent intelligence, interoperability, and configurability and enables efficient simulation of distributed automation systems. The solution is based on the combination of IEC 61850 object-based modeling and interoperable communication with IEC 61499 function block executable specification. Using the developed simulation environment, we demonstrate the possibility of multiagent control to achieve self-healing grid through collaborative fault location and power restoration.

A Review of Architectures and Concepts for Intelligence in Future Electric Energy Systems

Renewable energy sources are one key enabler to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to cope with the anthropogenic climate change. Their intermittent behavior and limited storage capabilities present a new challenge to power system operators to maintain power quality and reliability. Additional technical complexity arises from the large number of small distributed generation units and their allocation within the power system. Market liberalization and changing regulatory framework lead to additional organizational complexity. As a result, the design and operation of the future electric energy system have to be redefined. Sophisticated information and communication architectures, automation concepts, and control approaches are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of so-called smart grids. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art and recent developments enabling higher intelligence in future smart grids. The integration of renewable sources and storage systems into the power grids is analyzed. Energy management and demand response methods and important automation paradigms and domain standards are also reviewed.

A Review of Agent and Service-Oriented Concepts Applied to Intelligent Energy Systems

The intention of this paper is to provide an overview of using agent and service-oriented technologies in intelligent energy systems. It focuses mainly on ongoing research and development activities related to smart grids. Key challenges as a result of the massive deployment of distributed energy resources are discussed, such as aggregation, supply-demand balancing, electricity markets, as well as fault handling and diagnostics. Concepts and technologies like multiagent systems or service-oriented architectures are able to deal with future requirements supporting a flexible, intelligent, and active power grid management. This work monitors major achievements in the field and provides a brief overview of large-scale smart grid projects using agent and service-oriented principles. In addition, future trends in the digitalization of power grids are discussed covering the deployment of resource constrained devices and appropriate communication protocols. The employment of ontologies ensuring semantic interoperability as well as the improvement of security issues related to smart grids is also discussed.

Towards intelligent Smart Grid devices with IEC 61850 Interoperability and IEC 61499 open control architecture

In this paper we report on developments and experiments conducted to prove the feasibility of using decentralized multi-agent control logic in the automation of power distribution networks. The utility network is modelled as communicating logical nodes following IEC 61850 standards architecture, implemented by means of IEC 61499 distributed automation architecture. The system is simulated in an IEC 61499 execution environment combined with Matlab and proven to achieve simple fault location and power restoration goals through collaborative behaviour and interoperable devices.

Cosimulation Environment for Event-Driven Distributed Controls of Smart Grid

This paper proposes a cosimulation environment for “hardware in the loop” or “software in the loop” validation of distributed controls in a Smart Grid. The controls are designed using model-driven engineering with the IEC 61499 Function Block architecture. These are connected with plant models, for example, in Matlab/Simulink, through communication channels such as UDP or TCP sockets. This solution enables multi-closed-loop plant-controller simulation. The communication between plant and controller is event-driven. In order to perform a realistic simulation, the proposed solution takes into account computation and communication delays on the controller side in Function Blocks and compensates model time on the plant side in Matlab model accordingly. Causality and accuracy of the method have been formally addressed. This approach has been tested and demonstrated with several Smart Grid-related examples.

Standards-enabled Smart Grid for the future Energy Web

An intelligent control architecture for the Smart Grid is proposed which combines two recently developed industrial standards. The utility network is modelled as IEC 61850-compliant logical nodes, embedded in an IEC 61499 distributed automation framework. We make the case that an incremental approach is required for the transition to the future EnergyWeb by bringing intelligence down to the level of substation automation devices to enrich the applications that can be created using interoperable Smart Grid devices. Using Matlab-based simulation environment we demonstrate that the collaborative environment achieves self-healing through simple fault location and power restoration.

Toward Industrially Usable Agent Technology for Smart Grid Automation

This work is aimed at facilitating the industrial adoption of agent technology. This paper proposes the hybrid agent architecture specific to the power system automation domain. The architecture builds on the logical-node concept of IEC 61850 and comprises a deliberative and a reactive layer, combining the advantages of both. By relying on the underlined industrial standards IEC 61850 and IEC 61499, the architecture ensures practical applicability and captures domain-specific concepts in the agent-based system design. The developed agent-based system was validated in the cosimulation framework. The architecture provides for rapid system development, reducing the software development life cycle. The benefits are in the traceability of the software requirements, reuse of software components, ease of redesign, and direct deployment of the system model.

Towards an IEC 61499 compliance profile for smart grids review and analysis of possibilities

The electric energy system is changing more and more into a Smart Grid. A key technology in order to transform the actual grid is the information and communication technology. This means that advanced management, automation, control and communication concepts and systems have to be developed in order to cope with changing and challenging future requirements in the intelligent grid; especially the large-scale integration of distributed energy systems and electric vehicles. As a result of this trend, the future grid will consist of a huge number of intelligent electronic devices in order to manage the distributed and complex nature of Smart Girds. In order to guarantee a high level of interoperability, which is a major requirement for Smart Grids and its related components and devices, the International Electrotechnical Commission has introduced the IEC 61850 standard for power utility automation. Since it covers only interoperability and communication issues, a proper design, modeling and implementation approach is required. The main aim of this paper therefore is to discuss the usage of IEC 61850 together with the IEC 61499 reference model for distributed automation and the development of a related IEC 61499 Compliance Profile for Smart Grids.

Smart Grid automation: Distributed protection application with IEC61850/IEC61499

This paper proposes solutions for distributed protection applications, to improve current and design of future protection schemes. This solution utilises advantages of fast and reliable peer-to-peer communication of IEC 61850 and interoperability and configurability of IEC 61499. The integration of the two standards improves protection schemes by decreasing fault clearing times and minimizes the effect of short circuit faults on sensitive loads. Additional advantages include the reductions of the number of hard-wired connections, especially in a large substation where all protection IEDs has a significant number of binary inputs and relay outputs. IEC 61499 is an open standard for designing distributed control systems to promote portability, interoperability and configurability, i.e. vendor independent, flexible and robust solutions. IEC 61499 can be used to represent programmable logic of power system devices, in a standard form and in a vendor independent way. The proposed distributed protection system is implemented and simulated using the developed co-simulation environment.

Toward Digital Ecologies: Intelligent Agent Networks Controlling Interdependent Infrastructures

Universal, intelligent and multifunctional devices controlling power distribution and measurement will become the enabling technology of the ICT-driven SmartGrid. In this paper we discuss a design and simulation environment which provides a virtual model of such devices and at the same time enables their interoperability and configurability. The solution is based on the combination of IEC 61850 interoperable communication and IEC 61499 executable specification. Using the simulation environment we demonstrate the possibility of multi-agent control to achieve self-healing through fault location and power restoration.