Gustavo A. Romero-González

A synopsis of Cohniella (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae)

A synopsis of the genus Cohniella is presented with nomenclatural updates with a discusion of diagnostic features and biogeographical data. Thirteen species and one natural hybrid are recognized. Two new species, Cohniella pendula and Cohniella biorbicularis, are described and illustrated. The following four new combinations are proposed: Cohniella binotii, Cohniella brachyphylla, Cohniella cepula, and Cohniella longifolia. Lectotypes are selected for Oncidium subulifolium, Oncidium helicanthum, Oncidium humboldtii, Oncidium jonesianum var. phaeanthum, Oncidium cepula, and Oncidium wittii. We also propose an amended lectotype for Epidendrum cebolleta and several epitypifications and new synonyms. A key to the genera of the Trichocentrum complex is presented (Appendix) as well as keys to the species of Cohniella.ResumenSe presenta una sinopsis del género Cohniella, con actualizaciones nomenclaturales y discusiones de caracteres diagnósticos y datos biogeográficos. Se aceptan 13 especies y un híbrido natural en el género. Dos especies nuevas, Cohniella pendula y Cohniella biorbicularis, se describen e ilustran. Se proponen las siguientes combinaciones nuevas: Cohniella binotii, Cohniella brachyphylla, Cohniella cepula y Cohniella longifolia. Se seleccionan lectotipos para Oncidium subulifolium, Oncidium helicanthum, Oncidium humboldtii, Oncidium jonesianum var. phaeanthum, Oncidium cepula y Oncidium wittii. También proponemos una modificación a la lectotipificación de Epidendrum cebolleta y varias epitipificaciones y nuevos sinónimos. Se presenta una clave para los géneros del complejo Trichocentrum en un apéndice, así como una clave para las especies de Cohniella.

Typifications and New Synonymies in Capanemia (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae)

Abstract.  Capanemia Barb. Rodr. (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) currently includes 17 epiphytic, predominantly Brazilian species. As part of an ongoing revision of this genus, we herein propose new synonyms and typifications for several taxa. After a thorough revision of both herbarium material and many living specimens in cultivation collected in southern and southeastern Brazil, we herein recognize only seven species, six of which are treated here: C. brachycion (Griseb.) Schltr., C. carinata Barb. Rodr., C. gehrtii Hoehne, C. micromera Barb. Rodr., C. superflua (Rchb. f.) Garay, and C. therezae Barb. Rodr; the seventh species, C. adelaidae Porto & Brade, is recognized as valid but not treated here, since no taxonomic or nomenclatural problems were detected regarding this species. New synonymies are proposed: C. ensata Pabst is referred to C. gehrtii; C. angustilabia Schltr., C. australis (Kraenzl.) Schltr., C. lossiana L. Kollmann, C. perpusilla Schltr., C. riograndensis Pabst, and C. spathuliglossa Pabst are referred to C. micromera; and C. fluminensis Pabst is referred to C. therezae. Lectotypes are proposed for C. angustilabia, C. carinata, C. micromera, C. perpusilla, C. spathuliglossa, and C. therezae. A neotype is proposed for C. hatschbachii Schltr.

A Synopsis of the Genus Cyrtopodium (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae)

ABSTRACT A synopsis is presented for the Neotropical genus Cyrtopodium. Type data, taxonomic status, geographical distribution, and nomenclatural and taxonomic notes are presented for each species. A total of 116 names have been proposed in the genus, of which 50 are accepted here (47 species and three subspecific taxa). The identity of five species in the list is unclear. Forty names are synonyms in the genus, five are nomina nuda, and 21 belong in other genera including Eulophia, Koellensteinia, Otostylis, Eriopsis, Tetramicra, and Oncidium. Brazil, with 39 species, is the country with the highest number of species, followed by Bolivia and Venezuela, with nine species each. The main center of diversity of the genus is the cerrado vegetation of central Brazil, were 29 taxa are found. Field and taxonomic research on the genus in the last 15 years has led to the description of 19 new and accepted species, most from central Brazil. Eight lectotypifications and one new synonym are proposed. Cyrtopodium flavum is recognized as the accepted name for C. polyphyllum.

A reappraisal of the turtle-orchids, genus Chelyorchis (Oncidiinae: Orchidaceae): Molecular, phylogenetic, and morphometric approaches1

Abstract A review of live, herbarium, and bibliographic material of Chelyorchis revealed considerable floral variation that appears to be geographically correlated. We assessed whether the genus included one or more taxonomic entities using a morphometric analysis that involved the study of principal component analysis across several floral characters in 70+ specimens, representing both geographical range and morphological variation. To further establish the phylogenetic relationships of Chelyorchis within the Cuitlauzina-clade, and to analyze the evolution of relevant characters, we performed a combined analysis using nrITS, morphological, and gap-coding data, which included only 13 species. Both of our phylogenetic analyses strongly support the genus Chelyorchis as a monophyletic entity that is sister to a clade comprised of the genera Ticoglossum and Rossioglossum. The morphometric evidence strongly suggests that two taxa at the level of species should be recognized, differing primarily in the shape and proportions of the labellum but also in their geographical distribution. A new species, Chelyorchis pardoi, is described and illustrated to accommodate the South American morph. Full description of the new species and iconography of both taxa are provided, and diagnostic features are discussed. The conservation status of the new taxon is assessed against IUCN criteria.

Typifications and taxonomic notes in species of Brazilian Goodyerinae and Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) described by José Vellozo and Barbosa Rodrigues

A total of 46 lectotypes, one neotype and one epitype are designated for species of Goodyerinae and Spiranthinae originally described by Jose Mariano da Conceicao Vellozo and Joao Barbosa Rodrigues. Moreover, three new previously accepted names are treated as synonyms.

Novelties in the Orchid Flora of Venezuela III — Epidendrum

Abstract. Two species of Epidendrum from the Guayana shield never accurately illustrated for the flora of Venezuela, E. apuahuense and E. longicolle, are discussed and illustrated.

A Combined Evidence Phylogenetic Re-Circumscription and a Taxonomic Revision of Lophiarella (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae)

Abstract We demonstrate, through separate and combined phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, nucleotide sequences, and coded gaps of two DNA regions (plastid rpl32-trnL and nrDNA-ITS) using parsimony and Bayesian inference, that Lophiarella (Orchidaceae), as originally circumscribed, is polyphyletic. We re-circumscribe the genus to exclude one of the two species included in the original description and include two others, which requires two new combinations: Lophiarella splendida and Lophiarella flavovirens. As newly circumscribed, Lophiarella is strongly supported as a monophyletic assemblage within the Trichocentrum-clade, where it is sister to the (Cohniella, (Trichocentrum, Lophiaris)) clade. Lophiarella is easily diagnosable within the Trichocentrum-clade, among other characters, by the conduplicate yet rigidly fleshy-coriaceous leaves and the rigidly erect inflorescences with peduncles coated with a conspicuous, waxy film. In the context of a phylogenetic analysis, we discuss the evolution of several taxonomically, ecologically and biogeographically relevant characters, such as rostellum shape, vegetative architecture, labellum, and column structure. We also present a key to the genera of the Trichocentrum-clade and a taxonomic revision of the species of Lophiarella with keys, descriptions, nomenclature, iconography, discussion of affinities, ecological and biogeographical information, a distribution map, and full exsiccata citations.

Taxonomic notes in American Polystachya (Orchidaceae): the identity of P. foliosa (Hook.) Rchb.f. and the reestablishment of P. caracasana Rchb.f

Abstract An assessment of variation in the complex of species related to Polystachya foliosa has revealed a novel circumscription of this species. Our evidence indicates that the name P. foliosa is only correctly applied to plants from the Amazon basin, the Guiana shield, and the West Indies. The name Polystachya caracasana is here used for many other populations of the species formerly referred to P. foliosa, thus making the latter a more narrowly circumscribed taxon. The two species are easily distinguished by flower size, labellum details, and vegetative traits. A key to distinguish these two species is provided. Full descriptions, discussions of synonymy, relevant iconography, and specimen citations for both taxa are also presented. Lectotypes are designated for P. cingulata Schltr., P. guatemalensis Schltr., P. minor Fawcett, P. panamensis Schltr., and P. weigeltii Rchb.f.; a neotype is designated for P. stenophylla Schltr., and epitypes are proposed for P. foliosa and P. panamensis.

Nitidobulbon, a New Genus of Maxillariinae (orchidaceae)

Abstract Nitidobulbon Ojeda, Carnevali & G. A. Romero, a new genus of the Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae), is described and illustrated. Its circumscription is supported by morphological, anatomical, and molecular evidence. The three species of Nitidobulbon are characterized by long flower peduncles, smooth, shiny pseudobulbs, and distinctive leaf anatomy. We present a taxonomic key to differentiate Nitidobulbon from related genera and also provide a key to the species within the genus. Three new combinations are established: N. cymbidioides (Dodson, J. T. Atwood & Carnevali) Ojeda & G. A. Romero, N. nasutum (Reichenbach f.) Ojeda & Carnevali, and N. proboscideum (Reichenbach f.) Ojeda & Carnevali. In synonymy to N. nasutum, the name Maxillaria oxysepala Schlechter is lectotypified.

Novelties in the Orchid Flora of Venezuela V. Cranichideae II. Veyretia szlachetkoana (Orchidaceae, Spirantheae) 1

Abstract We document an orchid species not previously reported or illustrated for the flora of Venezuela, Veyretia szlachetkoana, collected in the context of the project ″Flora de orquĺdeas de los estados Amazonas y Bolivar, Venezuela. ″ The genus Veyretia is briefly discussed, herbarium specimens of V. szlachetkoana are cited, and field diagnostic characters are provided. We also include a key to distinguish Sarcoglottis from Veyretia and one to identify the three species of Veyretia so far reported for the flora of Venezuela.