Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano

Management of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancers in women. The overall survival rate at five years is 50% and its treatment is still poor. We need new treatments for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who are incurable with current management. We review the effectiveness of new biological agents and morbidity and mortality of cytoreductive surgery. Since the hyperthermic increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy and the chance of survival, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been proven to be a promising option, however it still requires further study to be the standard treatment.

Increased Serum Levels of Inflammatory Mediators and Low Frequency of Regulatory T Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Preeclamptic Mexican Women

Regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD4+CD25highFoxp3+) are critical in maintaining immune tolerance during pregnancy and uterine vascularization. In this study, we show that, in Mexican women with different preeclamptic severity levels, the number of Tregs and the subset of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ are decreased compared with those of normotensive pregnant women (NP). Moreover, a systemic inflammatory state is a pivotal feature in the pathogenesis of this disorder and could be related to hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Likewise, we observed elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 in the serum of severe preeclamptic patients (SPE); no differences were found in the IL-1β and IL-10 levels compared with those of NP patients. An analysis of chemokines in the preeclamptic serum samples showed high levels of CXCL10, CCL2, and CXCL9. Our findings suggest that the preeclamptic state is linked with systemic inflammation and reduced numbers of Tregs.

Potent anti-inflammatory activity of carbohydrate polymer with oxide of zinc.

Pebisut is a biological adhesive composed of naturally occurring carbohydrates combined with zinc oxide (ZnO) initially used as a coadjutant for healing of anastomoses. Likewise some works demonstrated that carbohydrate complexes exerts anti-inflammatory activity and it is widely known that ZnO modulate inflammation. However, the direct effects of Pebisut on isolated cells and acute inflammatory responses remained to be investigated. The present study evaluated anti-inflammatory effect of Pebisut using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated human mononuclear cells, chemotaxis, and cell infiltration in vivo in a murine model of peritonitis. Our data show that human cells treated with different dilutions of Pebisut release less IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 after LPS stimuli compared with the control treated cells. In addition, Pebisut lacked chemotactic activity in human mononuclear cells but was able to reduce chemotaxis towards CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL12 that are representative mononuclear cells chemoattractants. Finally, in a murine model of peritonitis, we found less number of macrophages (F4/80+) and T lymphocytes (CD3+) in peritoneal lavages from animals treated with Pebisut. Our results suggest that Pebisut has anti-inflammatory activity, which might have a beneficial effect during anastomoses healing or wounds associated with excessive inflammation.

Expression of Toll-like Receptor 9 in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia from Mexican Women

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a major health problem, is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide and the first in developing countries. Toll-like receptors play an important role in the immune system through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage associated with endogenous molecules, so that the role of Toll-like receptors is being explored in cancer. Objective: To evaluate the expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I, II and III tissues using immunohistochemical staining. Material and Methods: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study, the expression of TLR9 incervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (n=124), II (n=68) and III (n=29) tissues were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. All samples used in this study were from Mexican women. Results: We found the expression levels of TLR9 was higher in CIN I (p<0.001) and CIN-II (p<0.001) than in CIN-III. Conclusion: The low expression of TLR9 may play important roles in the development and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Mexican women.

Metabolic syndrome in breast cancer

Breast Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, progressive, currently, are classified according to in pattern of gene expression luminal A, luminal B, basal and HER-2neu + and Triple-negative, 75% to 80% have receptors positive hormonal and 15% to 20% are positive for hER-2neu and 10% to 20% are triple negative, with hormone receptor negative and HER2-neu and their diagnostic is made by exclusion, the Metabolic Syndrome is related to a higher incidence of these cancers where the insulin-leptin axis-adiponectin are implicated in carcinogenesis.

Current status of the etiology of candidiasis in Mexico

This study presents a systematic review of the literature on the etiology of superficial and invasive candidiasis in Mexico reported from 2005 to 2015. The data have shown that Candida albicans is the most prevalent species with an increasing tendency of the non-C. albicans Candida species, as reported in other countries. The use of phenotypical methods in the identification of the yeasts limits the identification at the species level, particularly in species that are part of complexes, this is important because the identification only at the genus level leads to inadequate treatment due to the different susceptibility to the antifungals among species. In addition, this finding reveals the need to implement in clinical laboratories the molecular methods for the correct identification of the species involved, and the antifungal susceptibility tests to prevent the etiological changes associated with a poor therapeutic management.