Gustavo R.S. Ruiz

The new Andean jumping spider genus Urupuyu and its placement within a revised classification of the Amycoida (Araneae: Salticidae)

Urupuyu gen. nov. is described for three new species of small black jumping spiders from the cloud forests of Ecuador: Urupuyu antisana sp. nov. (type species), U. edwardsi sp. nov., and U. occidentale sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses with DNA sequences (28S, actin 5C, wingless, 16SND1 and CO1) indicate Urupuyu is closely related to the huriine amycoids Hurius and Scoturius, a placement also supported by morphological traits. Our phylogenetic analysis serves to clarify the relationships within the Amycoida in general, leading to our proposing a revised classification for the group, with subfamilies Gophoinae, Sitticinae, Bredinae subfam. nov., Scopocirinae, Thiodininae, Sarindinae, Huriinae, Simonellinae, and Amycinae. We confirm the marpissine-like Breda belongs within the Amycoida. The phylogeny implies that ant mimicry has evolved at least twice (simonellines and sarindines) and probably a third time (Atomosphyrus in the thiodinines) within the Amycoida. The following new synonymies are proposed for suprageneric names: Hyetusseae Simon, 1903 and Arachnomureae Mello-Leitão, 1917 = Thiodininae Simon, 1901; Zunigeae Simon, 1901 = Sarindinae Simon, 1901; Synemosynae Banks, 1892 = Simonellinae Peckham, Peckham & Wheeler, 1888; Magoninae Petrunkevitch, 1928 = Amycinae F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1900.

The jumping spider genus Thiodina Simon, 1900 reinterpreted, and revalidation of Colonus F.O.P-Cambridge, 1901 and Nilakantha Peckham & Peckham, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycoida)

In this paper we call attention to the identity of the type species of Thiodina Simon, 1900, T. nicoleti Roewer, 1951. When Simon proposed the genus, he characterized it based on morphological features found in species he described, but not found in the type species he designated, and whose type specimens, apparently, he had not examined. Nicolets original description makes it clear that the type species is not closely related to the more familiar species placed in the genus. This misinterpretation was followed by contemporary researchers and survives until today. Here we designate and describe a neotype for T. nicoleti. We revalidate Colonus F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1901 and Nilakantha Peckham & Peckham, 1901 to transfer most species formerly placed in Thiodina. The combinations Colonus puerperus (Hentz, 1846), Nilakantha cockerelli Peckham & Peckham, 1901 and N. peckhami Bryant, 1940 are restored. The following new combinations are established: Colonus branicki (Taczanowski, 1871) new comb., C. candidus (Mello-Leitão, 1922) new comb., C. germaini (Simon, 1900) new comb., C. hesperus (Richman & Vetter, 2004) new comb., C. melanogaster (Mello-Leitão, 1917) new comb., C. pallidus (C.L. Koch, 1846) new comb., C. pseustes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) new comb., C. punctulatus (Mello-Leitão, 1917) new comb., C. rishwani (Makhan, 2006) new comb., C. robustus (Mello-Leitão, 1945) new comb., C. sylvanus (Hentz, 1846) new comb., C. vaccula (Simon, 1900) new comb., C. vellardi (Soares & Camargo, 1948) new comb., Nilakantha beugelorum (Wolff, 1990) new comb., N. crucifera (F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1901) new comb., and N. inerma (Bryant, 1940) new comb. Thiodina setosa Mello-Leitão, 1947 is tentatively transferred to Cotinusa Simon, 1900.

Description of eleven new species of the goblin spider genus Neoxyphinus Birabén, 1953 (Araneae, Oonopidae)

The spiders of the genus Neoxyphinus Birabén differ from those of other oonopid genera by the male endites with an api-cal, retrolateral excavation bearing a subapical tooth-like apophysis and, in females, by the ellipsoid genital atrium, with angular lateral margins. In this paper, eleven new species of the genus are described, mainly from northern South America: N. amazonicus Moss & Feitosa, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Colombia and Brazil; N. macuna Moss & Ruiz, sp. nov. (♂♀), N. tuparro Moss & Ruiz, sp. nov. (♂) and N. pure Moss & Bonaldo, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Colombia; N. yekuana Moss & Feitosa, sp. nov. (♂♀), N. trujillo Moss & Bonaldo, sp. nov. (♂♀), N. yacambu Moss & Feitosa, sp. nov. (♂) and N. saarineni Moss & Bonaldo, sp. nov. (♂) from Venezuela; N. inca Moss & Ruiz, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Peru; N. beni Moss & Feitosa, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Bolivia; and N. coca Moss & Feitosa, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Ecuador.

Revision of the acutidens group of Mago (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycinae)

Of all the amycines, the acutidens group of species of Mago is one of the most commonly collected groups throughout the Amazon. Redescriptions of M. acutidens Simon and M. longidens Simon by Galiano initially helped separating the two species, but then it became clear that we were dealing with a group of several similar species demanding revision. In order to make identification possible, we present here a revision of this newly proposed group of species, providing illustrations of the male palp and epigyne for all the recognized species. The female of M. longidens Simon is described for the first time. Besides the new records for both M. acutidens and M. longidens, we present M. jurutiensis sp. nov. and M. similis sp. nov. from Juruti, Pará, Brazil, M. delicatus sp. nov. from several localities in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará, and M. balbina sp. nov. from Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas. Maps with collecting records for all species of the group are presented.

Two new species of Neonella Gertsch, 1936 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Two new species of Neonella Gertsch, 1936 from Brazil are described: N. gyrinus sp. nov. (♂) from Caseara, state of Tocantins, and N. choanocytica sp. nov. (♂♀) from Piracuruca, state of Piauí. Since N. choanocytica is one of the smallest species of jumping spiders, detailed description of its tarsal tuft and spinnerets is given for future comparison. New records of N. salafraria Ruiz and Brescovit, 2004 are provided.

Twenty-seven new species of the goblin spider genus Neoxyphinus Birabén, 1953 (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Brazil

Twenty-seven new species of the genus Neoxyphinus are described, all from Brazil, raising the total number of species of the genus to 48. The new species with the respective geographic distribution and known sexes are: N. capiranga sp. nov. (♂♀) from Amazonas, Pará, Mato Grosso and Rondônia; N. caprichoso sp. nov. (♂♀) and N. garantido sp. nov. (♂♀) from Amazonas and Pará; N. crasto sp. nov. (♂♀) from Bahia and Sergipe; N. murici sp. nov. (♂♀) from Alagoas and Sergipe; N. meurei sp. nov. (♀) from Bahia and Mato Grosso; N. belterra sp. nov. (♂♀) from Pará and Mato Grosso; N. ornithogoblin sp. nov. (♂♀), N. sax sp. nov. (♂♀), N. coari sp. nov. (♂♀), N. tucuma sp. nov. (♂♀), N. ducke sp. nov. (♂) and N. carigoblin sp. nov. (♀) from Amazonas; N. almerim sp. nov. (♂), N. mutum sp. nov. (♂♀), N. caxiuana sp. nov. (♂♀), N. cachimbo sp. nov. (♂) and N. jacareacanga sp. nov. (♀) from Pará; N. paraty sp. nov. (♂♀) and N. rio sp. nov. (♂♀) from Rio de Janeiro; N. novalima sp. nov. (♂♀) and N. celluliticus sp. nov. (♂) from Minas Gerais; N. paraiba sp. nov. (♂) and N. simsinho sp. nov. (♂♀) from Paraíba; N. cantareira sp. nov. (♂) from São Paulo; N. cavus sp. nov. (♂) from Espírito Santo and N. stigmatus sp. nov. (♂) from Bahia. A key for identification of all 48 known species of Neoxyphinus is provided and possible monophyletic lineages within the genus are discussed.

Amazoonops , a new genus of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) from the Brazilian Amazon

The new genus Amazoonops is proposed for a group of species from the Brazilian Amazon that belong to the Varioonops group, which is presently composed by Varioonops Bolzern & Platnick, Ponsoonops Bolzern and Bipoonops Bolzern. In these genera, female lacks the dorsal abdominal scutum, have a reduced abdominal post-epigastric scutum, and the male palp has unfused cymbium and tegulum. The incomplete abdominal epigastric scutum of females and the sternal surface covered with deep pits in both sexes are considered as putative synapomorphies of the new genus. Five new species are described, four from the state of Pará (Amazoonops almeirim sp. nov., A. cachimbo sp. nov., A. caxiuana sp. nov. and A. juruti sp. nov.) and one from the state of Amazonas (A. ducke sp. nov.). Females of A. almeirim sp. nov. and A. ducke sp. nov. are unknown.

Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species

The jumping spider tribe Thiodinini is revised at generic level: diagnoses are proposed for all valid genera, based on the type species of each genus, and in some cases, on new species herein described. The tribe contains seven genera: Thiodina Simon, 1900; Cyllodania Simon, 1902; Hyetussa Simon, 1902; Atomosphyrus Simon, 1902; Arachnomura Mello-Leitão, 1917, Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885 and the new genus Tartamura gen. nov. The following genera are synonymized: Micalula Strand, 1932 and Bredana Gertsch, 1936 with Hyetussa Simon, 1902; Agelista Simon, 1900 with Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885. With this, the following new combinations are established: Hyetussa longithorax (Petrunkevitch, 1925) comb. nov. (this species with a neotype designation), from Micalula, and Hyetussa complicata (Gertsch, 1936) comb. nov. and Hyetussa alternata (Gertsch, 1936) comb. nov., both from Bredana. A transfer is proposed: Thiodina minuta comb. nov. (from Cyllodania). Twelve new species are described: Arachnomura querandi sp. nov.; Cyllodania trinidad sp. nov.; Cyllodania zoobotanica sp. nov.; Hyetussa sergipe sp. nov.; Hyetussa tremembe sp. nov.; Tartamura agatelin sp. nov.; Tartamura huao sp. nov.; Tartamura metzneri sp. nov.; Thiodina firme sp. nov.; Thiodina perian sp. nov.; Titanattus acanjuba sp. nov. and Titanattus euryphaessa sp. nov. Morphological traits and aspects of the phylogeny are discussed.

On four new species of the jumping spider genus Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 from South America (Araneae: Salticidae)

Four new species of Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 are described. Mago furcatus sp. nov. and Mago mimicus sp. nov. are described from Ecuador (Orellana and Napo provinces, respectively), both based only on the male holotypes. Both sexes of Mago pardo sp. nov. and the male of Mago apophysis sp. nov. are also described from the state of Pará, Brazil. A map with records of these species is given.

Three new species of Kalcerrytus Galiano, 2000 from Brazil (Araneae: Salticidae)

Three new species of Kalcerrytus Galiano, 2000 from the state of Pará in the Brazilian Amazon are described: K. amplexus sp. nov. from Parque Nacional da Serra do Pardo, São Félix do Xingu, K. filipi sp. nov. from Reserva Ecológica do Jari, Almeirim, and K. leonardi sp. nov. from Juruti. These increase up to 18 the described species within the genus.