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Dive into the research topics where Gustavo Roldán is active.

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Featured researches published by Gustavo Roldán.


Journal of Trauma-injury Infection and Critical Care | 2003

Operative management and outcomes in 103 AAST-OIS grades IV and V complex hepatic injuries: Trauma surgeons still need to operate, but angioembolization helps

Juan A. Asensio; Gustavo Roldán; Patrizio Petrone; Esther Rojo; Areti Tillou; Eric Kuncir; Demetrios Demetriades; George C. Velmahos; James Murray; William C. Shoemaker; Thomas V. Berne; Linda Chan

BACKGROUND American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Organ Injury Scale (OIS) grades IV and V complex hepatic injuries are highly lethal. Our objectives were to review experience and identify predictors of outcome and to evaluate the role of angioembolization in decreasing mortality. METHODS This was a retrospective 8-year study of all patients sustaining AAST-OIS grades IV and V hepatic injuries managed operatively. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The main outcome measure was survival. RESULTS The study included 103 patients, with a mean Revised Trauma Score of 5.61 +/- 2.55 and a mean Injury Severity Score of 33 +/- 9.5. Mechanism of injury was penetrating in 80 (79%) and blunt in 23 (21%). Emergency department thoracotomy was performed in 21 (25%). AAST grade IV injuries occurred in 51 (47%) and grade V injuries occurred in 52 (53%). Mean estimated blood loss was 9,414 mL. Overall survival was 43%. Adjusted overall survival rate after emergency department thoracotomy patients were excluded was 58%. Results stratified to AAST-OIS injury grade were as follows: grade IV, 32 of 51 (63%); grade V, 12 of 52 (23%); grade IV versus grade V (p < 0.001) odds ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 2.72 (1.40-3.04). Logistic regression analysis identified as independent predictors of outcome Revised Trauma Score (adjusted p < 0.0002), angioembolization (adjusted p < 0.0177), direct approach to hepatic veins (adjusted p < 0.0096), and packing (adjusted p < 0.0013). CONCLUSION Improvements in mortality can be achieved with an appropriate operative approach. Angioembolization as an adjunct procedure decreases mortality in AAST-OIS grades IV and V hepatic injuries.


World Journal of Surgery | 2002

Penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries: Ongoing dilemma - Which cavity and when?

Juan A. Asensio; Hector Arroyo; William Veloz; Walter Forno; Esteban Gambaro; Gustavo Roldán; James Murray; George C. Velmahos; Demetrios Demetriades

The aims of this study were to (1) define characteristics for the thoracoabdominal injury patient population; (2) describe sequences of surgical interventions with combined procedures (i.e., thoracotomy and laparotomy); and (3) describe pitfalls leading to inappropriate sequencing of surgical interventions for thoracoabdominal injuries. It was a retrospective 4-year study (January 1995 to December 1998) conducted at an urban level I trauma center. The study population comprised 254 patients who had sustained thoracoabdominal injuries requiring surgical intervention: 187 (73%) gunshot wounds (GSWs), 64 (25%) stab wounds (SWs), and 3 (2%) shotgun wounds (STWs). The mean revised (RTS) was 6.04; the mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 27; the mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 3000 ml. The overall survival was 175 of 254 (69%). Of the 254, 51 (20%) underwent emergency department (ED) thoracotomy. Altogether, 73 (29%) underwent combined thoracotomy and laparotomy: 59 (81%) GSW, 13 (18%) SW, 1 (1%) STW (mean RTS 5.2, mean ISS 34, mean EBL 6800 ml). Overall survival was 30 of these 73 (41%). A total of 21 of the 73 (29%) underwent ED thoracotomy. In group I (laparotomy then thoracotomy: Lap + Thor, n=34) the initial procedure was interrupted in 18 (53%). In group II (thoracotomy then laparotomy: Thor + Lap, n=39) the initial procedure was interrupted in 14 (36%). Pitfalls leading to inappropriate surgical sequencing were persistent hypotension (13/73,18%) and misleading chest tube output (8/73,10%). It was concluded that penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries incur high mortality (31%), and the mortality doubles for patients who require combined procedures (59%). Inappropriate surgical sequencing occurred in 32 of 73 (44%) patients undergoing combined procedures. Persistent hypotension, indicating that the wrong cavity was accessed, and misleading chest tube output are the leading pitfalls in thoracoabdominal injury management.RésuméObjectifs: 1) Définir les caractéristiques des traumatisés thoracoabdominaux 2) Décrire la séquence idéale d’interventions chirurgicales lorsque plus d’une opération est nécessaire (i.e., thoracotomie et laparotomie) chez ces patients; 3) décrire les erreurs qui peuvent conduire à une séquence opératoire inappropriée en cas de lésions thoracoabdominales combinées. Méthodes: Dans une étude rétrospective entre janvier 1995 et décembre 1998 (4 ans), dans un Trauma center urbain niveau I, on a relevé 254 patients ayant eu une lésion combinée thoracoabdominale nécessitant une intervention chirurgicale. Résultats: 1) Il y a eu 187 (73%) plaies par balles (GSW), 64 (25%) plaies par arme blanche (SW) et 3 (2%) plaies par fusil de chasse (STW). Les scores et valeurs moyens du «revised trauma score» (RTS), de l’«injury severity score» (ISS), et l’«estimated blood loss» (EBL) ont été, respectivement, de 6,04, de 27, et de 3000 ml. La survie globale a été de 175/254 (69%). 51/254 (20%) ont eu une thoracotomie d’urgence en salle d’urgences. 2) 73/254 (29%) ont eu une thoracotomie et une laparotomie: 59 (81%) par GSW, 13 (18%) par SW, 1 (1%) par STW. Les scores et valeurs moyens RTS, ISS, EBL ont été, respectivement, de 5,2, de 34 et de 6800 ml. La survie globale a été de 30/73 (41%). 21/73 (29%) ont eu une thoracotomie en salle d’urgences. Dans la séquence laparotomie suivie de thoracotomie (groupe I), on a du interrompre l’intervention initiale pour changer de cavité chez 18/34 (53%) patients. Dans la séquence thoracotomie suivie de laparotomie (groupe II), on a du interrompre le procédé initial pour changer de cavité chez 14/39 (36%). 3) Les erreurs amenant à pratiquer une séquence inappropriée ont été: une hypotension persistante chez 13/73 (18%), un drainage thoracique faussement interprété chez 8/73 (10%). Conclusions: 1) La mortalité des traumatismes thoraco-abdominaux pénétrants est élevée—31%. La mortalité est doublée chez les patients ayant besoin de deux voies d’abord—59%. 2) Une séquence inappropriée a été enregistrée chez 32/73 (44%) patients; 3) Une hypotension persistante indicative d’une hémorragie et un drainage du tube thoracique faussement interprété sont les cause principales de séquence inappropriée dans le traitement de lésions thoracoabdominales combinées.ResumenObjetivos: 1) Definir las caracteristicas de los pacientes con traumatismo toracoabdominal. 2) Describir la secuencia de las intervenciones quirúrgicas en abordajes combinados p. ej. toracotomía y laparotomía. 3) Descubrir los errores que inducen a una secuencia inapropiada de las intervenciones quirúrgicas en traumatizados toracoabdominales. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 4 años (1/95–12/98) en un centro traumatológico urbano de nivel I. 254 pacientes con traumatismos toracoabdominales requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico. Resultados: 1) Se registraron 187 (73%) heridas por bala (GSW), 64 (25%) por arma blanca (SW) y 3 (2%) heridas por perdigones (STW). Puntuación media en la escala RTS=6.04, en la ISS=27 y la media de la pérdida sanguinea estimada (EBL)=3.000 ml. Supervivencia global 175/254 (69%). 51/254 (20%) sufrieron toracotomies ED. 2) A 73/254 (29%) se les practicó una toracotomÍa y laparotomÍa combinadas; en 59 (81%) por GSW 13 (18%) por SW y 1 (1%) por STW. Puntuación media en las escalas RTS=5.2 y ISS=34, media de la pérdida sanguÍnea estimada (EBL)=6.800 mL Supervivencia total 30/73 (41%), 21/73 (29%) sufrieron una toracotomÍa ED. Grupo I: laparotomÍzados y después toracotomizados (Lap-Thor)—34, en 18/34 (53%) el abordaje inicial se interrumpió. Grupo II: toracotomÍa y después laparotomÍa (Thor y Lap)—39, en 14/39 (36%) se interrumpió el abordaje quirúrgico inicial. 3) Los errores que indujeron a una inapropiada secuencia operatoria fueron: hipotensión persistente 13/73 (18%) y erronéa valoración de la cantidad drenada por el tubo intratorácico 8/73 (10%). Conclusiones: 1) Los traumatismo toracoabdominales penetrantes (abiertos) conllevan una mortalidad elevada (31%). La mortalidad se duplica en aquellos pacientes que requieren intervenciones combinadas (59%). 2) Una secuencia inapropiada del abordaje quirúrgico se observó en 32/73 pacientes sometidos a intervenciones combinadas. 3) La hipotensión persistente (evidencia que se ha accedido a la cavidad equivocada) y la errónea valoración del flujo del drenaje torácico constituyen los errores principales en el tratamiento de los traumatismos toracoabdominales.


Surgical Clinics of North America | 2002

Visceral vascular injuries

Juan A. Asensio; Walter Forno; Gustavo Roldán; Patrizio Petrone; Esther Rojo; José J Ceballos; Cecilia Wang; Bruno Costaglioli; Javier Romero; Areti Tillou; Ian C. Carmody; William C. Shoemaker; Thomas V. Berne

This article deals with injuries to the celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arterial injuires. Surgical approaches and physiological implications of interruption of the mesenteric arterial circulation are addressed in detail. Surgical techniques for the management of these injuries and the need for second look operations are also examined.


Surgical Clinics of North America | 2001

Renal vascular injuries

Areti Tillou; Javier Romero; Juan A. Asensio; Charles D. Best; Patrizio Petrone; Gustavo Roldán; Esther Rojo

Even today, most renal vascular injuries result in loss of renal function. Kidney salvage is not possible because of late diagnosis and the presence of severe associated injuries. Physical exam and basic laboratory tests are not sensitive; thus, a high index of suspicion is required. Repair should be attempted for all solitary kidneys and for patients sustaining bilateral injuries. All viable kidneys should be revascularized in order to increase the chances of obtaining adequate functional renal tissue. In the event that revascularization is not feasible, nephrectomy can be performed at a later time, if hypertension develops. In some cases, delayed return of function is possible, but in most cases the kidney will atrophy without producing hypertension. Most importantly, maintaining a high index of suspicion, prompt diagnostic evaluation, and judicious treatment can optimize outcome lowering the significant morbidity and mortality of renal vascular injuries.


Scandinavian Journal of Surgery | 2002

Pancreatic and duodenal injuries. complex and lethal.

Juan A. Asensio; Patrizio Petrone; Gustavo Roldán; Rattaplee Pak-art; Ali Salim

Pancreatic and duodenal injuries are uncommon, but not rare. Delays in diagnosis and repair can make surgical management a more complex and technically challenging task and increase morbidity and mortality. Because these injuries are uncommon, few surgeons and Trauma Centers develop adequate expertise in their management. Early diagnosis and surgical repair are the keys to improve survival (1, 2).


Surgery Today | 2001

Abdominal vascular injuries: the trauma surgeon's challenge.

Juan A. Asensio; Salvador Navarro Soto; Walter Forno; Gustavo Roldán; Patrizio Petrone; Esteban Gambaro; Ali Salim; Vincent L. Rowe; Demetrios Demetriades

ucts for intravascular volume replacement. Coupled with the frequent need to cross-clamp the aorta or other major intra-abdominal vessels, this scenario predisposes these patients to the development of reperfusion injuries and their sequelae.1–4 The concept of “bail out,” popularized by Stone et al.5 in the early 1980s and later known as “damage control,”6 is usually applied to patients sustaining abdominal vascular injuries. Similarly, these patients often demand heroic abdominal wall closures with prosthetic materials which initiates a cycle of frequent surgical reinterventions, adding multiple and additive physiologic insults to an already compromised patient. The classical dilemma of how to repair vascular injuries under conditions of massive contamination while avoiding graft infections and vessel blowouts, remains one of the most difficult problems that face modern-day trauma surgeons.7,8 Septic processes and multiple system organ failure (MSOF) are frequent complications encountered by these patients, precipitated by profound shock, tissue hypoperfusion, massive blood volume replacement, generalized edema, and prolonged contamination. All of these factors clearly conspire to produce high morbidity and mortality rates for patients sustaining these injuries. It is clear that improved outcomes are generally the result of expedient and precise surgical interventions by trauma surgeons with extensive experience in the management of these injuries, along with the vast surgical armamentarium needed to effectively deal with them.5–14


Surgical Clinics of North America | 2001

Abdominal vascular injuries: Injuries to the aorta

Juan A. Asensio; Walter Forno; Gustavo Roldán; Patrizio Petrone; Esther Rojo; Areti Tillou; James Murray; David V. Feliciano

This article discusses injuries to the abdominal aorta at its supra- and infrarenal positions, focusing on the surgical approaches to abdominal aorta injuries and renal vascular pedicles. The controversy regarding the use of bioprosthetic materials and the coLlective experience with these injuries as reported in the literature are reviewed. Primary renal artery repair versus nephrectomy also is examined.


Cirugia Espanola | 2003

Síndrome de exanguinación: factores predictivos e indicativos para la institución de la cirugía de control de daños

Juan A. Asensio; Esther Rojo; Patrizio Petrone; Tamer Karsidag; Marcela Pardo; Sinan Demiray; J. Ricardo Ramos-Kelly; Jesús Ramírez; Gustavo Roldán; Rattaplee Pak-art; Eric Kuncir

La exanguinación es una entidad muy temida, pero de ninguna manera desconocida para el cirujano de traumatismo. El aumento de la violencia en nuestra sociedad, junto con la mejoría de los sistemas de urgencias, que permiten el traslado rápido de lesionados, han facilitado la asistencia de pacientes que antes no habrían sobrevivido hasta llegar a un centro de traumatología1 y, sin embargo, la definición del cuadro clínico y su correcto manejo aún no están del todo bien establecidos. Anderson2 estableció que un paciente que se desangra es aquel que “pierde toda su volemia en minutos”. Trunkey3 describió las hemorragias en función del flujo; así, la hemorragia grave es aquella con una pérdida sanguínea mayor de 150 ml/min. El manual del Programa Avanzado de Apoyo Vital en Trauma (ATLS) del Colegio Americano de Cirujanos4 define la exanguinación como el cuadro clínico de shock hipovolémico en pacientes que han perdido el 40% o más de su volemia y en los que hay un riesgo inminente de muerte. No hay duda de que todos estos intentos establecen que se trata de una situación crítica, pero ninguno de ellos ofrece una definición completa de la exanguinación como síndrome clínico, ni fisiológica, ni bioquímicamente. Asensio1,5 ha definido la exanguinación como la peor manifestación del shock hipovolémico de la siguiente forma: “La exanguinación es la forma más grave de hemorragia. Generalmente está producida por lesiones en los componentes principales del sistema cardiovascular, en las vísceras sólidas intraabdominales, o en ambos. Es una hemorragia en la que hay una pérdida inicial de la volemia del 40%, seguida de una pérdida superior a 250 ml/min y, si no se controla, el paciente perderá la mitad de su volumen circulatorio en 10 min”. Es decir, que la exanguinación implica una velocidad de pérdida de volumen circulatorio tal que no puede ser repuesta por medidas de resucitación habituales y, por ello, requiere la intervención quirúrgica inmediata1,5. El paciente en esta situación precisará al más experimentado de los cirujanos de traumatismos y el más preparado de los centros de traumatismos. Con esta revisión de la experiencia de nuestro centro en este proceso patológico pretendemos ofrecer la descripción de las lesiones con más riesgo de exanguinación, según la definición previamente propuesta, así como las recomendaciones para la adecuada resucitación y tratamiento de estos enfermos.


Cirugia Espanola | 2003

Traumatismos duodenales: lesiones complejas

Juan A. Asensio; Walter P. Martin; Patrizio Petrone; Gustavo Roldán; Marcela Pardo; Juan Carlos García; Gloria O’Shanahan; Tamer Karsidag; Rattaplee Pak-art; Eric Kuncir

Resumen Las lesiones traumaticas del duodeno son infrecuentes y representan cerca del 4% de las lesiones abdominales, pero conllevan una tasa de morbimortlidad significativa, por lo que su reconocimiento y tratamiento precoz es primordial. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una descripcion concisa de la perspectiva historica y de la anatomia de este organo. Esta ultima cobra especial interes a la hora de la clasificacion y el manejo de la lesion duodenal. Asimismo, describiremos los metodos de diagnostico a nuestro alcance en la evaluacion del traumatismo duodenal y la importancia de un conocimiento amplio de las tecnicas quirurgicas mas utilizadas. Por ultimo, realizaremos un analisis profundo de los rangos de morbilidad y mortalidad de estas lesiones basandonos en una extensa revision de la bibliografia actual y aportaremos nuestra experiencia en el manejo de este tipo de lesiones en un centro urbano de traumatismo de nivel I.


Surgery Today | 2001

Penetrating cardiac injuries: a complex challenge.

Juan A. Asensio; Salvador Navarro Soto; Walter Forno; Gustavo Roldán; Patrizio Petrone; Esteban Gambaro; Ali Salim; Vincent L. Rowe; Demetrios Demetriades

The heart is a unique organ, vital and constant in its tireless function, working 24 h a day during the entire life time of an individual. It has inspired many talented poets, writers and musicians throughout the ages. The first description of a cardiac injury is found is Homer’s poetic description of the death of Sarpedon from the classical Greek epic The Iliad [1,2]. Cardiac injuries remain amongst the most challenging of all injuries seen in the field of trauma surgery. Their management often requires immediate surgical intervention, excellent surgical technique and the ability to provide excellent surgical critical care to these patients postoperatively.

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Dive into the Gustavo Roldán's collaboration.

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Patrizio Petrone

University of Southern California

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Eric Kuncir

University of Southern California

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Walter Forno

University of Southern California

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Ali Salim

Brigham and Women's Hospital

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Rattaplee Pak-art

University of Southern California

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Esther Rojo

University of Southern California

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Vincent L. Rowe

University of Southern California

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