Gy. Soltész

Genetic screening for individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes in the general population using HLA Class II alleles as disease markers. A comparison between three European populations with variable rates of disease incidence

To develop screening strategies for identification of individuals at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes in three populations with variable disease incidence rates and distinct ethnic origin.

Protein Synthesis Rate in the Newborn Lamb

Fractional protein synthesis rate was measured in the liver, and skeletal and cardiac muscles of newborn lambs, 2–5 days of, age. The contant infusion method was used and 14C-labelled leucine was given intravenously for 5 h. Blood samples were taken each hour and analysed for plasma leucine and specific activity; at the end of the experiment free (Si) and protein-bound (SB) leucine specific activity was measured in each organ. The calculated results indicated that more than 100% of the liver proteins were synthetised in a day in the newborn lamb, and that the synthesis rate of cardiac and skeletal muscle proteins were 35 and 25% day-1, respectively. Total leucine flux was 900 μmol/kg/day.

Changes in Blood Glucose, Free Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Low Birth-Weight Infants Receiving Intravenous Fat Emulsion

The responses of blood glucose and lactate, plasma free fatty acids, amino acids and urea level to Intralipid supplementation in two groups of infants parenterally fed with 5 and 10% glucose were investigated. In both groups of infants blood glucose obtained by the end of the 6-hour Intralipid infusion period and over the following 2 h exceeded the values prior to fat supplementation. The response in the free fatty acid level was less pronounced and recovered more rapidly in infants receiving 10% glucose than in those given a 5% solution. Urea level tended to increase in the 10% glucose group, possibly as a consequence of an increased urea production. Total plasma amino acids and 17 individual amino acids measured were found to be lowered in response to Intralipid. The observed changes in blood nutrients and metabolites were interpreted as the metabolic consequences of an accelerated gluconeogenesis induced by intravenous fat emulsion.

Metabolic Responses to Severe Perinatal Asphyxia in Term Newborn Infants with Particular Reference to the Changes in Plasma Free Amino Acids

Blood glucose, blood lactate, plasma FFA, plasma alpha-amino nitrogen and 17 individual amino acids were determined on admission, and at 24 and 48 h after admission in severely asphyxiated term newborn infants. The blood glucose value was widely scatterred and the plasma FFA level was low on admission. The total free plasma amino acid content correlated closely with the severity of asphyxia-induced lactic acidosis. Among the 17 amino acids determined, 11 turned out to be significantly increased. The increase of plasma free amino acids might be toxic for the central nervous system, therefore parenteral feeding of asphyxiated neonates with amino acid mixtures can be dangerous.

The metabolic effects of cold exposure in the newborn rabbit.

Blood glucose, lactate, plasma free fatty acid and plasma and tissue individual free amino acid levels were followed in newborn rabbits exposed for 10 h to an environmental temperature of 25 degrees C. Severe hypothermia developed with an increase of blood lactate and accumulation of total free amino acids in plasma and liver. Alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, ornithine and taurine were elevated in the plasma; alanine and ornithine in the liver; leucine and isoleucine in the muscle.