H. Gulliksson

Storage of platelets in additive solutions: effects of phosphate.

Background and Objectives: In a previous study, low adenine nucleotide levels and a reduced rate of glycolysis were found in platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared by apheresis and stored in a platelet additive solution (PAS). Our objective was to investigate whether the use of PAS with or without phosphate can influence platelet metabolism in a similar way. Materials and Methods: The in vitro effects of storage in either plasma or a PAS (T–Sol or PAS–III, both containing citrate, acetate and sodium chloride, PAS–III containing also phosphate) of buffy–coat–derived pooled platelet concentrates (BC–PCs) and apheresis platelets were investigated. The use of PAS implies inclusion of some plasma (20 or 35%). Paired studies over 7 days included investigation of cell counts, pH, PO2, PCO2, bicarbonate, glucose, lactate, adenine nucleotides, and extracellular adenylate kinase activity as a marker for disintegration of platelets. The expected concentration of phosphate in T–Sol is 0.6– 1.8 mmol/l (with CPD plasma) and 0.2–0.6 mmol/l (with ACD plasma), and in PAS–III, 15–25 mmol/l (calculated values). Results: BC–PCs were compared during storage in 35% CPD plasma and 65% PAS (T–Sol or PAS–III) (experiment 1), or alternatively 20% CPD plasma and 80% PAS (T–Sol or PAS–III) (experiment 3). In both studies, PAS–III shows similar and significantly higher rates of glycolysis in terms of consumption of glucose (0.06 vs. 0.04 mmol/day/1011 platelets) and production of lactate (0.11 vs. 0.07 mmol/day/1011 platelets) compared with T–Sol. Levels of pH and adenine nucleotides were similar when 35% plasma was used. With only 20% plasma, significantly higher levels of adenine nucleotides were found with PAS–III compared to T–Sol. The storage of apheresis platelets in 35% ACD plasma and 65% PAS (either T–Sol or PAS–III) (experiment 5) gave significantly higher values for PAS–III compared to T–Sol with regard to consumption of glucose (0.08 vs. 0.06 mmol/day/1011 platelets), production of lactate (0.14 vs. 0.11 mmol/ day/1011 platelets) and adenine nucleotide levels. Conclusion: With respect to apheresis PCs stored in media containing ACD plasma, our results suggest that the differences found are related to the concentration of phosphate. The results for BC–PCs stored in media containing CPD plasma suggest that PAS–III is preferable to T–Sol as the PAS at plasma concentrations below 35%. The mechanism behind the phenomena observed with BC–PCs is not known.

In vitro and in vivo effects of potassium and magnesium on storage up to 7 days of apheresis platelet concentrates in platelet additive solution.

Background and Objective  Prolonged storage of platelets up to 7 days provides improved availability, logistical management and decreased wastage. Beside methods of bacterial detection, addition of magnesium and potassium to the platelet storage solution (SSP+) may further improve the quality of platelets with extended storage.

Automated preparation of platelet concentrates from pooled buffy coats: in vitro studies and experiences with the OrbiSac system†

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared by the automated OrbiSac system, from pooled buffy coats (BCs) stored in a platelet (PLT) additive solution.

Storage of platelets in additive solutions : the effects of magnesium and potassium on the release of RANTES, beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4 and interleukin-7, during storage

Background and Objectives  Several studies have suggested that the accumulation of cytokines during storage of platelet concentrates may mediate non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions. Prestorage leucodepletion can prevent the release of cytokines from white blood cells during storage, but not the release of platelet‐derived cytokines. Therefore, we investigated whether the addition of magnesium and potassium to platelets stored in a platelet additive solution (PAS) would affect the generation of cytokines during platelet storage.

Storage of buffy‐coat‐derived platelets in additive solutions at 4 °C and 22 °C: flow cytometry analysis of platelet glycoprotein expression

Background  The aim of our in vitro study is to compare the effects on platelet membrane glycoproteins that play an important role in the main functions of platelets, when platelets are stored for a period of 21 days at 4 °C or 22 °C.

Evaluation of platelets prepared by apheresis and stored for 5 days. In vitro and in vivo studies.

To evaluate the effect of storage on apheresis platelets collected with a closed‐system blood cell separator, an in vitro investigation was performed, with measurements of pH, lactate, ATP, the ratio of ATP to the total adenine nucleotide content, and adenylate kinase. Unmodified apheresis platelets and apheresis platelets with plasma added were compared with conventional platelets stored in PL‐1240 or PL‐732 plastic containers. During 6 days of storage, there were similar changes in all variables with one exception: the extracellular activity of adenylate kinase was lower in apheresis platelets with plasma than in the other three groups (p < 0.01). In vivo studies were carried out with 111Indium‐labeled autologous platelets in eight volunteers. Apheresis platelets with 100 mL of plasma added were stored in two 1000‐mL containers (PL‐732) at 22° C during agitation. Platelets from one of the containers were labeled with 111Indium and transfused into the volunteer within 24 hours. Platelets from the other container were labeled after 5 days of storage and transfused into the same donor. There were no significant differences between apheresis platelets stored for 1 day and those stored for 5 days: the mean percentage of recovery was 58.4 and 57.6 percent, t½ was 69 and 67 hours, and the survival time was 5.5 and 5.6 days, respectively.

Paired in vitro and in vivo comparison of apheresis platelet concentrates stored in platelet additive solution for 1 versus 7 days

BACKGROUND:  To improve clinical access to platelet concentrates (PCs), prolonging the storage period is one alternative, provided that they are free from bacteria. The quality of platelets (PLTs) stored for 1 versus 7 days was compared by in vitro analyses and in vivo recovery and survival in blood donors.

Storage of buffy-coat-derived platelets in additive solutions at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C: flow cytometry analysis of platelet glycoprotein expression.

Background  The aim of our in vitro study is to compare the effects on platelet membrane glycoproteins that play an important role in the main functions of platelets, when platelets are stored for a period of 21 days at 4 °C or 22 °C.

Storage of buffy coat–derived platelets in additive solutions: in vitro effects of storage at 4°C

BACKGROUND:  The aims of this in vitro study were to compare the storage of platelets (PLTs) at 4°C with those stored at 22°C and to determine the in vitro effects of preincubation at 37°C for 1 hour before the analysis on the basis of the maintenance of PLT metabolic and cellular integrity.

In vitro effects on platelets irradiated with short-wave ultraviolet light without any additional photoactive reagent using the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets method

Background  A novel short‐wave ultraviolet light (UVC) pathogen reduction technology (THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets; MacoPharma, Mouvaux, France) without the need of any additional photoactive reagent has recently been evaluated for various bacteria and virus infectivity assays. The use of UVC alone has on the one hand been shown to reduce pathogens but may, on the other hand, have some impact on the platelet (PLT) quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential effects on PLT quality of pathogen inactivation treatment using the novel UVC method for PLT concentrates.