H. Jankowski

RFID reader design for identification of industrial metallic objects

An electronic circuit design of the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader was the aim of our research. This device is designed for identification of transponders, which are present on the surface of metal elements or inside machine elements made of metal. In order to achieve that, we optimized the antenna reader circuit, that works in near field (magnetic coupling), by means of field flux lines analysis (using finite elements method) and experimental data collecting. Finally, one obtaines a specific shaped magnetic field around the reader.

Stack of Planar Double-Sided Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

A new design of a small power SOFC battery is presented. The battery consists of an array of flat double-sided fuel cells assembled with only two screws. Fuel cells are made with the application of commercially available HTCC green tapes. Eight layers of 180μm thick anode tape (YSZ+NiO) constitute the anode base structure of the double-sided fuel cell. Within the anode base structure, the separate areas serve as: the functional anode, the anode current collector, and the support for the anode functional layer. Also a network of fine micro channels is embedded within the anode base structure. The individual double-sided fuel cell is completed by deposition of the following layers, which constitute the electrolyte, the cathode, and the cathode current collector These layers are deposited on both sides of the anode base structure by means of screen-printing. Each double-sided fuel cell is provided with the own separate fuel distributor and combustion product collector. That beneficial feature enables complet...

Optoelectronic system of online measurements of unburned carbon in coal fly ash

Carbon-in-ash level is an important consideration for combustion efficiency as well as ash marketing. The optoelectronic analyzing system for on-line determination and monitoring of the u burned carbon content of ash samples is presented. The apparatus operates on the principle that carbon content is proportional to the reflectance of IR light. Ash samples are collected iso kinetically from the flue gas duct and placed in a sample tube with a flat glass bottom. The same is then exposed to a light. The reflectance intensity is used by the systems computer to determine residual carbon content from correlation curves. The sample is then air purged back to the duct or to the attached sample canister to enable laboratory check analysis. The total cycle time takes between 5 and 10 minutes. Real time result of carbon content with accuracy 0.3-0.7 percent are reported and can be used for boiler controlling.

Stack of solid oxide fuel cells

Purpose – The paper aims to present the innovative design of a planar multilayered high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which is easy to manufacture, and features high resistance to rapid temperature changes. Temperature resistance was accomplished thanks to easy to heat, thin flat ceramic structure of the cell and elimination of metallic interconnections. Design/methodology/approach – The ceramic fuel cell consists of the anode core made of six to eight layers of nickel/yttria-stabilized zirconia tapes (Ni/YSZ) isostatically pressed into a laminate. Two networks of fuel distribution microchannels are engraved on both sides of the anode laminate. The microchannels are subsequently covered with a thin layer of the functional anode tape made of Ni/YSZ and a solid electrolyte tape made of YSZ. Findings – The single planar double-sided ceramic SOFC of dimensions 19 × 60 × 1.2 mm3 provides 3.2 Watts of electric power. The prototype of the battery which consists of four SOFCs provides an output power ...

Embossing in fuel cell fabrication

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the embossing as a replication technique for structuring fuel channels in the anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Design/methodology/approach – The anode laminate, which was exposed to embossing, consisted of eight layers of isostatic pressed Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia tapes (Ni-YSZ). Preheating the mould and soaking the laminate in the plasticizer was applied before structuring of the channels to soften the laminate. Compressing tests were carried out to investigate the embossing ability of the Ni-YSZ laminate and to find the optimal processing parameters. Embossing was carried out with a testing machine, and the samples were exposed to embossing forces in the range up 20 kN with a certain speed of compression and a dwell time. Findings – The embossing parameters (force of compression, speed of compression and dwell time) suitable for proper fuel channels formation were established. Shapes, profiles and dimensions of the embossed channels w...

Rapid temperature processing (RTP) system for selenization of photovoltaic materials

Rapid Temperature Processing (RTP) methodology is widely applied in thin-film photovoltaic materials technology due to high quality of fabricated cells and also perspectives for their mass manufacturing. This paper describes a RTP device structure which contains the graphite reactor for selenization of Cu/In or Cu/In/Se precursors. Strong nonlinearity of radiative energy transfer makes RTP controlling difficult so it still needs to be improved. Using mathematical model of the device, we are proposing the method of process controlling. Experimentally obtained temperature profiles of Rapid Temperature Processes are presented and compared with temperature profile of typical CIS selenization graphite reactor. Presented steering procedure, based on our model, gives improves by decreasing time needed for selenization and simultaneously reducing costs of the process.