H. Jędrzejuk

Optimization of shape and functional structure of buildings as well as heat source utilisation example

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present the method of solving the optimization problem of the internal partitions of the building, the shape of the building, as well as heat sources. The optimization of the internal partitions of the building is based on particular selection from the given list, and determination of the thickness of thermal insulation. Solving the problem of the shape has been solved first in order to determine approximately the building height, proportions of building sides and orientation of the building with respect to the north–south axis, as well as to check which of the inequality constraints are active in this case. Following this, after obtaining the results, it was checked whether replacing the rectangular plan of the building by a rectangle and two trapezoids is advantageous. The optimum choice of heat source types for heating for domestic use and the determination of share in covering the demand for heat in the time interval under consideration has been formulated and solved using continuous and discrete decision variables. Part-problems of the optimization are solved by analytical–numerical method. They consist of determining some decision variables using analytical methods and the remaining using numerical methods applying CAMOS computer system, original algorithms and programs. In optimization of heat sources, original numerical methods were used for the determination of the compromise set in case of discontinuous objective functions.

Optimization of shape and functional structure of buildings as well as heat source utilisation. Partial problems solution

Abstract The aim of the paper is to present rational methods of multicriteria optimization of the shape and structure of energy-saving buildings, as well as optimization of heat sources taking into account the energy criteria. Mathematical model describing heat losses and gains in a building during the heating season was selected and refined. It takes into consideration heat losses through walls, roof, floor and transparent partitions as well as heat gains due to insolation across transparent partitions. Particular attention was paid to a more detailed description of heat gains due to solar radiation, depending on the position of partitions relative to their north–south axis and the degree of their use. The problem of multicriteria optimization of individual homes and blocks of flats was formulated on the basis of the following criteria: • minimum construction costs, including cost of materials, erection, heating installations together with the cost of heat sources, • minimum seasonal demand of heating energy, • minimum of pollution emitted by heat sources installed in the building. The following were accepted as the global optimization criteria allowing to find the preferred solution: • minimum building construction costs and its running costs over N-years’ period together with minimum environment pollution during that period, • minimum distance from the point belonging to the compromise set to the ideal point. The method of solving the above formulated problem consists in decomposing it into three part-problems: • optimization of internal partitions of the building, • optimization of the shape of building, • optimization of heat sources. Part-problems must be co-ordinated subsequently.

Optimization of shape and functional structure of buildings as well as heat source utilization. Basic theory

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to illustrate the example of multicriteria optimization of the big blocks of flats. The method described in [Hwang and Masud (Multiple objective decision making—methods and applications—a state-of-art-survey. Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems, Springer, Berlin, 1979)] and [Jendo and Marks (Archives of Civil Engineering 30(1) (1984))] is based on decomposition into part-problems: optimization of internal partitions of the building, the shape of building, heat sources, and finally adequate co-ordination of solutions. The above-mentioned co-ordination is obtained by an iterative method.