Habib Muhammetoglu

Implementation of Hydraulic Modelling for Water-Loss Reduction Through Pressure Management

This study was conducted in the Konyaalti Water Distribution Network in Antalya, Turkey. The study area was divided into 18 district metered areas (DMAs) for better management of water losses. Water levels in reservoirs, flow rates, and water pressures were monitored on-line by the SCADA data system. A hydraulic model was calibrated and verified for each DMA using data provided by SCADA. The model results revealed that a number of DMAs exhibited high pressures, greater than 3.5 bars, and high minimum night flow (MNF) throughout the year. Also, the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) for the study area was greater than 20, indicating high water losses. As a result of these findings, a pressure reducing valve (PRV) was installed at DMA No. 2 as an example and set at 3.0 bars resulting in considerable reduction in water losses. The optimum pressure level for setting the PRV was chosen using the hydraulic model. The same model was used to predict water savings due to pressure reduction. The predicted water savings were verified using long periods of flow rates and water pressure profiles. The predicted and measured water savings showed good agreement. The study concluded that hydraulic modelling is essential for applying appropriate pressure management strategies.

Management of chlorine dosing rates in urban water distribution networks using online continuous monitoring and modeling

The aim of this study is to present the results of a research which was undertaken to manage chlorine dosing rates in a real water distribution network using online continuous monitoring and modeling. The study area was divided into 18 district metered areas (DMAs) where the water pressure and flow rate measurements to each DMA were online and continuous. Besides, online water quality sensors were installed at eight different locations and a bimonthly water quality measurement and sampling program was carried out. The data sets required to set, calibrate and verify the hydraulic and chlorine models were derived from the online continuous monitoring and sampling program. Eight chlorine management scenarios that take into consideration the extreme conditions found out during the online monitoring and sampling were utilized. The study revealed that online monitoring provides excellent data sets for chlorine modeling and management that enables automatic application of chlorine dosing.

Full-Scale PAT Application for Energy Production and Pressure Reduction in a Water Distribution Network

AbstractPressure management is an effective method to reduce water loss. A common way to reduce pressure and water loss in water distribution networks (WDNs) is to use pressure-reducing valves (PRV...

Real time monitoring and control in water distribution systems for improving operational efficiency

AbstractThe global water sector faces challenges to maintain safe, healthy, and adequate water supply to its consumers. Control of water quality and quantity by real-time monitoring (RTM) plays an important role in the management of water distribution systems (WDSs) and protection of consumers’ health. RTM could be used for monitoring and analyses of water quality parameters to ensure its suitability for drinking. Additionally, RTM system warns operators to stop water supply to save water and minimize risks when needed. WDS of Antalya City is monitored and controlled by an advanced RTM and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Integrated RTM–SCADA system monitors and controls both hydraulic and water quality parameters to improve the WDS’s operational efficiency. The system automatically controls pumps and valves and it has security alarms if any of the monitored water quality parameters fail to comply with the drinking water quality standards. This feature helps to protect WDS from the...

Chlorine modeling in water distribution networks using ARX and ARMAX model structures

AbstractChlorination is still the main method of disinfection worldwide. Utilization of chlorine modeling enhances the management of water supply systems toward the reduction of the risks of waterborne diseases and cancer from disinfection byproducts formation. In this paper, the results of chlorine modeling efforts were presented as an extension of a project for Konyaalti Water Distribution Network (KWDN) of Antalya City, in the south of Turkey, using autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) and autoregressive moving average with exogenous input (ARMAX) model structures. The required data-sets were obtained from the existing online monitoring stations. The ARX and ARMAX model structures modified for time series applications were utilized to predict chlorine concentrations at the critical point of KWDN. Non-representative data-sets were initially identified and excluded from the database. Best fit and Akaike’s Final Prediction Error techniques were used as model selection criteria. ARX4-5-3 and ARMAX2-3-...

Predicting Nitrogen Concentration in Groundwater Beneath Unsewered Areas: Case Study of Liman Region in Antalya, Turkey

A simple approach to predict nitrogen concentration in groundwater beneath unsewered areas was developed and applied to the Liman region in Antalya, Turkey. The approach was also applied to predict the population density that was expected to increase groundwater nitrogen concentrations beyond 5.65 mg/L, which is the maximum value allowable by Turkish drinking water standards. The approach evaluated nitrogen and water budgets that included septic tanks, rainfall, and groundwater entering the upgradient boundary. The approach was shown to be sensitive to hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic gradient, denitrification rate in sewage, population density, and domestic water consumption. Predictions and field measurements of nitrogen concentration in groundwater showed good agreement in the Liman region. Moreover, the study illustrated the significant impact of groundwater entering the aquifer upgradient of the Liman region on nitrogen levels. The developed and tested approach is helpful and easy for planners and decision-makers to use in similar areas.

Excess Pressure in Municipal Water Supply Systems as a Renewable Energy Source: Antalya Case Study

Pressure management is one of the most effective methods for water loss reduction. Pump used in turbine mode (pump as turbine, PAT) is a viable option for reducing excess water pressure, water losses, and pipe failures in water distribution networks in addition to energy production at microscale. In this study, a PAT system recently installed in Antalya City of Turkey is presented, and its performance is evaluated for its initial operational period of approximately 5 months. This full-scale PAT system was implemented in a parallel pipeline with a pressure-reducing valve (PRV). The operation of the PAT system was continuously monitored online for flow rate, power, and pressure levels. The PAT system proved to work efficiently in a wide range of inflows (130–300 m3/h) where the produced energy varied between 0.7 and 8.4 kWh for a reduction of approximately 1 bar pressure head with an average efficiency of 60%. Environmental benefits of green energy production, reduction in physical water losses, and carbon dioxide emissions were evaluated. The payback period of the PAT application was computed as 53 days based on the costs and revenues of the PAT application.