Haci Bayram Tosun

Anterior inferior iliac spine avulsion fracture: a series of 5 cases.

AbstractAvulsion fractures of the pelvic apophyses rarely occur in adolescent athletes in the course of sudden strong contraction of muscle attached to growth cartilage. This injury may usually be misdiagnosed for tendon or muscle strain. Patients history, physical examination, and radiologic studies are important for diagnosis. The literature includes only a few case reports but no case series as yet. The aim of this study was to present the results of 5 cases of anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) avulsion fractures treated conservatively.The study included 5 patients (4 male, 1 female, mean age 13.6 years) who underwent conservative treatment for AIIS avulsion fractures and had an adequate follow-up. All patients were admitted to the emergency department and misdiagnosed as muscle strain. Three of them were football player, 1 skier, and 1 fighter.Each patient was treated with immobilization and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. At follow-up, all patients showed relief from their pain and mechanical symptoms and regained full range of motion and returned to their previous levels of activity.Diagnosis requires careful attention to the physical examination and imaging. In this series, all pelvic avulsion fractures (100%) were managed successfully with a conservative approach. Good results and return to previous levels of activity can be achieved with conservative treatment.

Closed reduction and intramedullary pinning in the treatment of adult radial neck fractures: a case report

Closed reduction and intramedullary pinning (CIMP) in pediatric radial neck fractureswas first reported by Metaizeau in 1980 andsatisfactory results have been published several times. The current literature did not encounter any publication related to the implementation of Metaizeau method to adult patients. We applied Metaizeau technique to an adult radial neck fracture and we have achieved satisfactory results. As this case report is single case of this method applied to an adult, we decided to present this case.

Nonunion of capitate due to late diagnosis in a teenager

Patient: Male, 13 Final Diagnosis: Isolated capitate bone fracture Symptoms: — Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: — Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Carpal fractures often appear in men under the age of 40 years. Isolated fracture of the capitate without dislocation is very rare and comprises 1% of all carpal fractures. Nonunion of capitate mostly resulted from delay in diagnosis and lack of initial treatment. Case Report: We reported the case of a 13-year-old boy who had a late-diagnosed capitate fracture. We put the wrist in a short-arm cast for 3 months. After the immobilization with the cast has been finalized, range of motion and strengthening exercises were started. One year after the trauma, we saw total union of the fracture. Conclusions: Diagnosis of carpal bone fracture may be missed, especially in skeletally immature patients. To prevent late diagnosis in skeletally immature patients, early control radiography should be taken. If further examination is needed, computed tomography should be performed. We can achieve good results with cast immobilization in this age group of patients. As a result, although the author has been advised surgical treatment for nonunion of capitate fracture, conservative treatment should be considered.

Isolated posterior malleolus fracture: a rare injury mechanism

Sprain of the ankle is undoubtedly a common injury during athletic activity, and the sprain can be also associated with fracture of the ankle. Isolated posterior malleolus fracture is a very rare condition, which is usually missed. Here, we are presenting a 37 years old female patient, who suffered injury secondary pressing on brake pedal during collision in a traffic accident. Clinical evaluation is based on Ottawa Ankle Rules and a fracture is diagnosed; patient is started on daily activities at postoperative Week 8. This study aims to emphasize that Ottawa Ankle Rules are usually efficient for evaluating fractures of ankle, but clinicians should always make a detailed physical examination.

Learning Curve for Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fractures: A Retrospective Clinical Study of a Practical and Theoretical Training Course

Background Surgical treatment of acetabular fracture and the anatomic reconstruction of the hip joint are difficult to achieve due to the complex pelvic anatomy, and surgical training requires a prolonged and steep learning curve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an applied training course, including cadaveric dissection, for the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. Material/Methods This retrospective study included 35 patients who underwent surgical treatment for acetabulum fractures between 2012–2016. Patients were divided into three groups during two training courses, for the first two years and second two years. The surgical treatment was performed through single or combined standard approaches, according to the fracture pattern. The radiological outcome was evaluated using Matta’s criteria to grade postoperative reduction and final radiological outcome and the restoration of the hip joint center (HJC). The clinical outcome was evaluated using the modified the Merle d’Aubigné-Postel (DAP) hip score. Results Both post-course groups had statistically better functional and radiological outcomes compared with the pre-course group. Depending on the learning curve, the mean duration of surgery decreased from 153 minutes to 82.3 minutes. Although there was no statistical difference between groups in the vertical shift of the HJC, there was a statistically significant in the amount of horizontal shift of the HJC in the second two years of training, compared with the other groups. Conclusions Functional and radiological outcome of surgical treatment of acetabular fracture may be improved with increased training, depending on the learning curve.

Dislocation of a revision total knee arthroplasty: Rare but serious complication

Dislocation of revision total knee arthroplasty is a very rare, serious and difficult complication. Incidence of significant instability and dislocation following primary TKA ranged from 1% to 2% in the past ten years. This incidence has been lowered to 0.15% to 0.5% with the development of modern surgical techniques and posterior stabilized implants. It is very few reports have been published but it is not usually described in textbooks. A 72-year-old man underwent primary total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis on the left side at a private hospital 5 years ago. He had aseptic loosening and the revision was performed. He was referred with a painful locked left knee without any history of trauma (5 months post revision surgery). On clinical examination the left knee was deformity and painful and locked in 40 degree flexion (A). His radiographs taken. Radiographs showed the left knee in flexion and a posterior dislocation of the knee (B). A lower extremity CT angiography showed intact vascular structures. The patient was taken to the operation theatre for exploration and if necessary, revision. We attempted closed reduction of the dislocated knee but this was unsuccessful. Paramedian arthrotomy was performed via the previous longitudinal incision, and the knee was exposed. The mobile components were removed and replaced with a large-size tibial insert (C). The patient was doing well on his 3-month and 1-year followup, ambulating with no assistive devices with good range of motion and no further instability and complications (D).

Similar effectiveness of the open versus endoscopic technique for carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective randomized trial

This prospective randomized study aims at evaluating the electrophysiological results of endoscopic and open carpal ligament release in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Included in the study were 41 patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (21 hands in the endoscopic group and 20 hands in the open group). The Boston questionnaire was administered preoperatively and postoperatively to the patients, and their functional capacities and symptom severities were recorded. Physical examination was carried out preoperatively and in the postoperative sixth month. Demographic data and preoperative Boston symptomatic and functional scores were similar between both groups. A significant improvement was obtained in the Boston symptomatic and functional scores of both groups, but no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of improvement in the symptomatic and the functional scores. A significant shortening in median nerve motor distal latency and an increase in the velocity of sensory conductions were determined in both groups in the postoperative electromyography, but no difference was found between them in terms of improvement in the electromyography values. It was shown both clinically and electrophysiologically that endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery was as effective as open surgery as a treatment method for carpal tunnel syndrome.

A rare case of extensive diffuse nonpigmented villonodular synovitis as a cause of total knee arthroplasty failure.

INTRODUCTION Nonpigmented villonodular synovitis (non-PVNS) is a benign proliferative disease involving the synovium. It is a rare condition that is little recognized. Non-PVNS has been reported as a cause of total knee replacement failure. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report a case of extensive diffuse non-PVNS in a patient with tibial component loosening after total knee replacement and review the related literature. DISCUSSION It is reported that pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) occurs less frequently than non-PVNS after knee replacement. However, there are many more case reports of PVNS than non-PVNS after knee arthroplasty in the English-language literature. CONCLUSION Previously, there were no reported cases of extensive diffuse non-PVNS after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This case study highlights an unusual case of non-PVNS as a cause of TKA failure. We propose that non-PVNS should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients after TKA who present with recurrent pain and effusion/hemarthrosis of the knee, and that it is one of the causes of implant loosening after TKA.

Influence of number and orientation of screws on stability in the internal fixation of unstable femoral neck fractures

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to biomechanically compare 3 different cannulated screw configurations used in internal fixation of unstable femoral neck fractures. METHODS The study included 28 synthetic left femurs randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Samples in the first 3 groups were osteotomized in the basicervical region to create Pauwels Type 3 fractures. Fixation was carried out using cannulated screws. In Group 1, four screws were used including 3 in an inverted triangle configuration in parallel with the neck and the fourth screw transversely into the calcar. In Group 2, three screws were used including 2 in parallel with the neck and the third transversely into the calcar. In Group 3, three screws were used in an inverted triangle configuration in parallel with the neck. No osteotomy or fixation was carried out in Group 4. Load test was performed on all the groups and the strength of the screw fixations against axial load and their amount of relocation were measured. RESULTS Average maximum strength was 36.1 ± 3.2 N/mm2 in Group 1, 27.3 ± 4.1 N/mm2 in Group 2 and 21.9 ± 3.2 N/mm2 in Group 3. The average relocation in the line of osteotomy in the moment of average maximum stress (21.9 ± 3.2 N/mm2) was 11.5 ± 2.1 mm in Group 3, 6 ± 1.3 mm in Group 2 and 5.8 ± 1.1 mm in Group 1 (p<0.05). It was also observed that while the relocation in the moment of average maximum stress (27.3 ± 4.1 N/mm2) was 9.1 ± 1.7 mm in Group 2, the deformation under the same stress value was 9 ± 1.7 mm in Group 1 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The use of a transverse screw in the calcar in addition to cannulated screws parallel to the neck appear to provide stability benefit in the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures.

The Irisin Hormone Profile and Expression in Human Bone Tissue in the Bone Healing Process in Patients

Background Whether or not there is a relationship between the newly-discovered irisin hormone and bone healing is not yet known. The aim of this study was to investigate what effect irisin hormone has on the bone healing process. Material/Methods The study included 21 adult patients with a diagnosed fracture of the lower extremity (femur or tibia). Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. A total of four venous blood samples were taken from the patients: before fracture stabilization, then postoperatively on days 1, 10, and 60. In patients with femoral neck fracture who had hip prosthesis applied, bone tissue samples were taken from the removed femur head and irisin was determined immunohistochemically in muscle biopsies taken from the same patients. Results In analysis, it was revealed that the mean value of irisin 60 days after operation is significantly higher than the values of irisin before operation, 1 day after operation, and 15 day after operation (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Intense staining was observed in compact bone tissue, muscle tissue, and in hypertrophic vascular endothelium within the Havers canal. Conclusions The level of irisin hormone increased in the bone union process and affects fracture healing due to irisin receptors in human bone tissue.