Hakki Yesilyurt

A new approach to estimate anthropometric measurements by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

Abstract Eighteen anthropometric measurements were taken in standing and sitting positions, from 387 subjects between 15 and 17 years old. “Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)” was used to estimate anthropometric measurements as an alternative to stepwise regression analysis. Six outputs (shoulder width, hip width, knee height, buttock-popliteal height, popliteal height, and height) were selected for estimation purpose. The results showed that the number of inputs required estimating outputs varied with sex difference. ANFIS perform better than stepwise regression method for both sex groups, as revealed by the standard deviations averaged over the six outputs: S ANFIS =0.776, S Regression =0.855 for boys and, S ANFIS =0.883, S Regression =1.027 for girls. Relevance to industry More recently, as industry and marketing reach around the globe, body size has become a matter of practical interest to designers and engineers. In ergonomics anthropometric data are widely used to specify the physical dimension of workspaces, equipment, furniture and clothing. This is especially true for school children, which spend most of their time sitting at their chairs and desks and ought to be able to adopt comfortable body postures.

An evaluation of histomorphometric properties of coronary arteries, saphenous vein, and various arterial conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting.

AbstractPurpose. We evaluated the histomorphological properties of the coronary arteries, saphenous vein, and five arterial conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting, and compared them with each other. Methods. All vessels were harvested from seven cadavers, eight autopsied individuals, and 14 patients. The length, lumen diameter, wall thickness, and histological structures were examined based on samples obtained from the coronary arteries and the conduits. The dimensions and wall thicknesses of the coronary arteries and the conduits were compared using a one-sided variance analysis. The similarities between the coronary arteries and the conduits were investigated by Duncans multiple range tests. Results. The internal mammary and intercostal arteries were elastic, while the others were muscular. The lengths of all conduits were adequate for use as coronary artery grafts. The dimensions and wall thicknesses of the coronary arteries and the conduits showed no statistically significant differences, except for the proximal portion of the saphenous vein. Conclusions. These findings emphasize the justification of continued use of the ideally matching internal mammary artery, either as an in situ or free graft, in coronary artery bypass grafting, although other arterial grafts can be used in coronary artery bypass grafting. In addition, the intercostal artery was found to have relatively favorable properties regarding its potential suitability as a coronary bypass conduit.

Diffusion tensor imaging of the hippocampus in chronic cigarette smokers

PURPOSE Previous studies have demonstrated neuronal dis-integrity in chronic smokers using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, assessment of hippocampal DTI has not been performed in this group. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hippocampal integrity in chronic smokers and non-smokers and to compare this to memory performance. METHODS We used in vivo DTI to measure the differences in hippocampal integrity between 88 chronic smoker and 88 non-smoking subjects. DTI was performed on a 3T scanner. We administered a verbal learning test to assess new verbal learning capabilities. The immediate recall (IR) was administered immediately after test procedure and delayed recall (DR) after 15min. RESULTS Mean values of fractional anisotropy (FA) for non-smokers and smokers were 0.46 and 0.40, respectively (p<0.05). Mean IR word number for non-smokers and smokers was 11.6, 9.04, respectively (p<0.05). The mean word number of DR for non-smokers and smokers was 10.2, 7.2, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of hippocampal DTI assessment in the chronic smokers. We found that decreased hippocampal FA associated with neuronal dis-integrity and worse memory performance in chronic smokers than non-smokers. We also found a low positive correlation hippocampal FA values with memory performance in nonsmoking group.

PNET: a rare cause of spinal cord compression

A 6-year-old boy presented to our hospital with pain and numbness in his left leg. There was no history of surgery or trauma. Physical examination revealed paresthesia in the left leg. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass that was isointense on T1-weighted images, heterogeneously hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and heterogeneous with contrast enhancement (Figs. 1 and 2) at the L2 level. The mass extended into the spinal canal and compressed the spinal cord. The mass also extended into the neural foramen (Figs. 1 and 2). The mass was surgically removed, and it was identified as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor via pathologic examination.

Complete transsection of the spinal cord secondary bilateral thoracal interfacetal dislocation.

A 28-year-old man was referred to our radiology department, half an hour after a motor vehicle accident. At the clinic, he had paraplegia. The physical examination of the patient showed clinical evidence of extensive thoracolumbar trauma and revealed severe tenderness to palpation in the posterior sections of the thoracal vertebrae. There was no traumatic wound of the spinal column. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral interfacetal dislocation in the T11/ T12 levels and anterior displacement of T11 on T12 (Figure). There was also complete transsection of the distal spinal cord. Hayri Ogul, MD Yunus Guzel, MD Hakki Yesilyurt, MD Mecit Kantarci, PhD, MD Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty Ataturk University Erzurum, Turkey Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Medical Faculty, Ordu University Ordu, Turkey Turkey Public Hospitals Authority Ankara, Turkey

Are New Generations Getting Bigger in Size? Anthropometric Measurements in Erzurum

OBJECTIVE When the dimensional measurements of the students who spend most of their time at school are taken into consideration, inappropriate dimensions of school equipment may affect their body and psychological improvements negatively. Anthropometric measurements are necessary for designing the educational equipment of the children at school. It is emphasized that anthropometric measurements of the people living in different climate and altitude conditions will be different. It is mentioned that anthropometric data available for a certain region will be able to change as a result of changing socio-economical conditions and therefore, anthropometric data update is necessary at certain periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2000 anthropometric data obtained from the children between the age of seven and fifteen, who were in sitting and standing positions, were measured with a repeated measurement in the same schools in 2007. RESULTS Mean values of the heights of elbow at standing position of the female students, 8 years old, increased from 72.38 cm in 2000 to 74.67 cm in 2007 (p<0.001). Most of the other measurements in 2007 were larger than those in 2000, giving the impression that new generation children are getting larger in size. CONCLUSION As reported in the literature, anthropometric data should be updated at certain period of times.