Hamid Khan

VALIDATED UPLC/Q-TOF-MS METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ACECLOFENAC, PARACETAMOL, AND THEIR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN TABLETS

A fast, sensitive, and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of aceclofenac, paracetamol, and their major degradation products in tablets. Diclofenac and para-aminophenol as the potential degradation product of aceclofenac and paracetamol, respectively, were analyzed. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (100.0 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column using isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-2 mM ammonium acetate (40:60, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The Q-TOF mass spectrometer was operated in positive ionization mode and quantitation was done using the MS/MS transitions m/z 354.07 → 215.07 for aceclofenac, 296.23 → 214.06 for diclofenac, 152.07 → 110.06 for paracetamol, and 110.07 → 65.04 for para-aminophenol. The elution of aceclofenac, diclofenac, paracetamol, and para-aminophenol occurred at 1.50, 1.05, 0.61, and 1.61 min, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL for aceclofenac and paracetamol, 0.01–1 ng/mL for diclofenac and 0.01–5 ng/mL for para-aminophenol. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method can be applied for determination of aceclofenac and paracetamol during routine quality control analysis and in stability studies to monitor the level of their degradation products in bulk drugs or in pharmaceutical formulations.

Analysis of Unsteady Axisymmetric Squeezing Fluid Flow with Slip and No-Slip Boundaries Using OHAM

In this manuscript, An unsteady axisymmetric flow of nonconducting, Newtonian fluid squeezed between two circular plates is studied with slip and no-slip boundaries. Using similarity transformation, the system of nonlinear partial differential equations is reduced to a single fourth order ordinary differential equation. The resulting boundary value problems are solved by optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) and fourth order explicit Runge-Kutta method (RK4). It is observed that the results obtained from OHAM are in good agreement with numerical results by means of residuals. Furthermore, the effects of various dimensionless parameters on the velocity profiles are investigated graphically.

The Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method for the Solution of Higher-Order Boundary Value Problems in Finite Domains

We solve some higher-order boundary value problems by the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). The proposed method is capable to handle a wide variety of linear and nonlinear problems effectively. The numerical results given by OHAM are compared with the exact solutions and the solutions obtained by Adomian decomposition (ADM), variational iteration (VIM), homotopy perturbation (HPM), and variational iteration decomposition method (VIDM). The results show that the proposed method is more effective and reliable.

Numerical Solutions of Fifth and Sixth Order Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems by Daftardar Jafari Method

Fifth and sixth order boundary value problems are solved using Daftardar Jafari method (DJM). DJM is introduced by Daftardar-Gejji and Jafari (2006). The approach provides the solution in the form of a rapidly convergent series. The comparison among Daftardar Jafari method (DJM), Adomian decomposition method (ADM), homotopy perturbation method (HPM), variation iteration method (VIM), and the iterative method (ITM) are displayed in table form which shows the efficiency of DJM for the solution of fifth and sixth order BVPs.

Application of Daftardar Jafari Method to First Grade MHD Squeezing Fluid Flow in a Porous Medium with Slip Boundary Condition

In the present work, in the presence of magnetic field and with slip boundary condition, squeezing flow of a Newtonian fluid in a porous medium between two large parallel plates is investigated. The governing equations are transformed to a single nonlinear boundary value problem. Daftardar Jafari Method (DJM) is used to solve the problem in order to obtain the velocity profile of the fluid. By using residual of the problem, the validity of solution is established. The velocity profile is argued through graphs for various values of parameters.

Analytic Comparison of MHD Squeezing Flow in Porous Medium with Slip Condition

The aim of this paper is to compare the efficiency of various techniques for squeezing flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in a porous medium under the influence of a uniform magnetic field squeezed between two large parallel plates having slip boundary. Fourth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation is obtained by transforming the Navier-Stokes equations. Resulting boundary value problem is solved using Differential Transform Method (DTM), Daftardar Jafari Method (DJM), Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), and Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The problem is also solved numerically using Mathematica solver NDSolve. The residuals of the problem are used to compare and analyze the efficiency and consistency of the abovementioned schemes.

Homotopy Analysis Solution for Magnetohydrodynamic Squeezing Flow in Porous Medium

The aim of the present work is to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) squeezing flow through porous medium using homotopy analysis method (HAM). Fourth-order boundary value problem is modeled through stream function and transformation . Absolute residuals are used to check the efficiency and consistency of HAM. Other analytical techniques are compared with the present work. It is shown that results of good agreement can be obtained by choosing a suitable value of convergence control parameter in the valid region . The influence of different parameters on the flow is argued theoretically as well as graphically.

Flows with Slip of Oldroyd-B Fluids over a Moving Plate

A general investigation has been made and analytic solutions are provided corresponding to the flows of an Oldroyd-B fluid, under the consideration of slip condition at the boundary. The fluid motion is generated by the flat plate which has a translational motion in its plane with a time-dependent velocity. The adequate integral transform approach is employed to find analytic solutions for the velocity field. Solutions for the flows corresponding to Maxwell fluid, second-grade fluid, and Newtonian fluid are also determined in both cases, namely, flows with slip on the boundary and flows with no slip on the boundary, respectively. Some of our results were compared with other results from the literature. The effects of several emerging dimensionless and pertinent parameters on the fluid velocity have been studied theoretically as well as graphically in the paper.

Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of FDC Bilayer Matrix Tablets Containing Telmisartan as Sustained Release and Hydrochlorothiazide as Immediate Release

The aim of the presented work was formulation and in-vitro evaluation of bilayer tablets containing telmisartan as sustained release (SR) and hydrochlorothiazide as immediate release (IR) using HPMC. Tablets were evaluated via various quality control tests and in-vitro drug release studies. Drug release study was carried out hydrochloric acid buffer of pH 1.2 (0.1N) using USP paddle apparatus. The validated HPLC-UV method was applied to determine the amount of drugs released at different time intervals. Prepared tablets showed extended sustain release of telmisartan over a period of 20 h and hydrochlorothiazide as immediate release within 30 min.

Application of Validated HPTLC Method for Dissolution Study of FDC Tablets Containing Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

A simple, selective, precise and HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in the bulk drugs and in their fixed dose combination tablets (FDC) was developed and validated. The method was further applied in the dissolution study of formulated and marketed tablets containing these two drugs. The method employed HPTLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of toluene-ethyl acetate-methanol-glacial acetic acid, 6: 3: 1: 0.5 (v/v). The detection was performed at 272 nm. The RF values were 0.70 ± 2 for telmisartan and 0.44 ± 2 for hydrochlorothiazide. The linear relationships were obtained between peak area and amount of drugs in the range of 1-1000 ng spot-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9992 for telmisartan and 0.9994 for hydrochlorothiazide. The method was validated for precision, robustness and recovery. The limits of detection and quantification were 15.54 and 48.44 ng spot-1 for telmisartan and 10.22 and 35.68 ng spot-1 for hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. In-vitro drug release from prepared tablets showed better drug release when compared with marketed tablets.