Hamilton Moreira

Avaliação espectrofotométrica do azul de Evans na reação inflamatória da córnea: estudo experimental em coelhos

PURPOSE: To detect Evans blue in the normal cornea, attempting to determine the period of maximum concentration of the dye after intravenous injection and to study vascular permeability in an animal model of corneal inflammation induced by alkali burn, after Evans blue injection. METHODS: Fifty rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Group I (25 animals): 20 mg/kg Evans blue were injected and the animals were sacrificed after 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours. The corneas were removed and the dye concentration was measured by a spectrophotometric micromethod. Group II: in 15 animals, 10 hours after injection, the corneas were centrally fragmented with number 6, 8 and 10 mm trephines. Evans blue was extracted the same way as in Group I. Group III: alkali burn was induced in the cornea of the right eyes of 10 animals, using 1 N NaOH. Five days after the procedure, the animals were sacrificed. Ten hours prior to sacrifice, Evans blue was injected. The left corneas were the control. RESULTS: In group I, mean Evans blue concentration is at 10 h: 15.28 ± 0.09 mg/mg. In group II, mean Evans blue concentrations are: 6 mm: 0.93 ± 0.01mg/mg; 8 mm: 1.20 ± 0.06 mg/mg; 10 mm: 1.32 ± 0.05 mg/mg. In group III, mean Evans blue concentrations are: right eyes (alkali burns): 23.74 ± 2.64 mg/mg and left eyes (control): 16.71 ± 2.04 mg/mg. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that Evans blue has been quantified in rabbits cornea. It was possible to detect the dye from 8 to 16 hours after intravenous injection. We can conclude that Evans blue detection is a good method to quantify the alteration of vascular permeability in rabbits cornea.

Anel intracorneano de Ferrara em ceratocone

Purpose: To evaluate the results of the first 10 keratoconus patients submitted to Ferraras ring surgery. Methods: In a prospective study, 10 keratoconus patients were included with best uncorrected visual acuity equal to or worse than 20/100, contact lens intolerance and absence of significant corneal scar. Patients were healthy otherwise, with no systemic medications or diseases. LogMAR visual acuity, refraction, topography and surgical complications were recorded. Minimum follow up was three months. Results: Two microperfurations occurred during the incision for the inferior tunnel. After surgery we had one case of single acrylic extrusion and four cases of displacement of one or both segments. Overall spectacle corrected visual acuity improved from 0.750 ± 0.374, to 0.438 ± 0.342 (p=0.026). The mean noncorrected visual acuity on the first day after surgery was 0.667 ± 0.447 (n=9), and final noncorrected visual acuity of 0.562 ± 0.272 was recorded. Five patients achieved spectacle corrected visual acuity of 0.5 LogMAR units was recorded or better, after three months of surgery. One patient did not show any significant flattening of the cornea at topography. Conclusion: This study showed improvement of visual acuity, refraction and topography in most patients in relation to preoperative results.

Modified femtosecond laser-assisted sutureless anterior lamellar keratoplasty.

Abstract: A variation of the femtosecond laser–assisted sutureless anterior lamellar keratoplasty technique using a femtosecond laser incision for surgical management of anterior corneal disease is described. Six patients with corneal scars were treated with the laser to create a horizontal lamellar bed interface in the cornea of the donor and recipient eyes, with a manual partial-thickness vertical trephination to complete the excisions. This technique allows matching of donor and host tissue dimensions with precise tissue apposition and greater surface area for healing. No intraoperative adverse events were observed. One patient developed epithelial ingrowth, requiring a successful surgical intervention.

Aspectos psicossociais do paciente com ceratocone

INTRODUCTION: Keratoconus is a progressive and non-inflammatory ectasia of the cornea, mostly bilateral causing low vision because of the irregular astigmatism. The influence of the disease on quality of life is dependent on limiting factors and personality type. PURPOSE: To verify quality of life and personality type of the person with keratoconus. METHODS: Sixty-eight individuals with keratoconus and 52 without the ocular disease were studied. The following data were collected: personal demographic data, keratoconus measurements and specific questions, complete ophthalmologic examination, measurement of quality of life and personality type using standardized instruments. RESULTS: Both groups were demographically similar and comparable. SF-36 and MIPS differed between keratoconus and control patients. SF-36 scores showed that the keratoconus group had lower scores regarding the physical component (353.0 ± 58.2 x 379.1 ± 52.9) (p=0.005) as well as the mental component (326.3 ± 89.9 x 364.2 ± 66.4) (p=0.004), mainly functional capacity (86.3 ± 9.7 x 92.6 ± 9.7) (p<0.0001) and general health (76.8 ± 16.9 x 83.5 ± 16.5) (p=0.014). MIPS scores showed that patients with keratoconus were significantly more pain avoiding (p=0.007) presented more, imaginative intuition (p=0.004), asocial withdrawal (p=0.014) and anxious hesitation (p=0.010) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The results showed psychosocial impairment in the keratoconus group. Keratoconus influenced the quality of life expressed by the SF-36. MIPS showed keratoconus patients to be more pain avoiding, with more imaginative intuition, asocial withdrawal and anxious hesitation than the control group.

Performance visual após implante de LIO tórica em pacientes com astigmatismo corneano

PURPOSEnTo analyze visual acuity without correction and rotational stability outcomes following toric IOL implantation.nnnMETHODSnProspective study of 20 eyes of 13 patients that underwent phacoemulsification surgery indicated for cataract associated with regular keratomeric astigmatism, symmetrical, ranging from 1 to 4 diopters. Best corrected visual acuity, refraction, keratometry and computed topography were performed preoperatively. The calculation of cylindrical lens power and its placement were determined by the manufacturer. All lenses were implanted in the capsular bag by the same surgeon. The patients were examined by a second independent observer, at 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th, and 60th postoperative day.nnnRESULTSnVisual acuity without correction ranged between 20/15 and 20/40. One eye achieved 20/15 (5%), 4 eyes 20/20 (20%), 6 eyes 20/25 (30%), 7 eyes 20/30 (35%) and 2 eyes 20/40 (10%). Best corrected visual acuity ranged between 20/15 and 20/40; two eyes with 20/15 (10%), 9 eyes 20/20 (45%), 7 eyes 20/25 (35%), 1 eye 20/30 (5%) and 1 eye 20/40 (5%). It is important to remember that the average spherical refraction was -0.05 SD (ranging from -0.50 to +0.75 SD). The mean cylindrical refraction was -0.63 CD ranging from -0.50 to -1.25 CD. The IOL rotation in this study had an average of 3.2 masculine to 30 masculine, ranging from 0 masculine of rotation to a maximum of 13 masculine; 7 lenses (35%) suffered no rotation, 9 lenses (45%) suffered rotation between 1 masculine to 5 masculine, 3 lenses (15%) had rotation between 6 masculine to 10 masculine, and ultimately 1 lens (5%) had rotation between 11 masculine to 15 masculine. There was no significant rotation after the 30th postoperative day.nnnDISCUSSIONnThe average of rotation of the IOL was 3.2 masculine, where 95% of IOLs presented rotation less than or equal to 10 masculine what means a very good rotational stability. In daily practice, a good visual acuity is directly related to IOL rotational stability and refractive predictability.

Nível de testosterona total em mulheres pós-menopausa com olho seco

PURPOSEnThe purpose of this study was to compare total testosterone blood level among three groups of postmenopausal women: control, mild to moderate dry eye and severe dry eye.nnnMETHODSnTwenty-nine postmenopausal women were selected. The exclusion criteria were: hormone replacement therapy in the last 8 weeks, mechanical palpebral abnormalities, pterygium, lacrimal obstructions, intraocular inflammation or contact lens use. A blood sample was collected for total testosterone level determination, and the patients were submitted to an ophthalmologic examination (emphasizing on dry eye detection) and answered the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) questionnaire. Five patients were excluded. Postmenopausal women were divided into three groups according to OSDI score and the ophthalmic examination.nnnRESULTSnFive patients were classified in the no dry eye group (control), fifteen in the mild to moderate dry eye group and four in the severe dry eye group. There were no statistically significant differences regarding mean age (p=0.3915); instruction level (p=0.9333); number of comorbidities (p=0.2551); medication taken (p=0.2844) and total testosterone level among those groups (p=0.1275).nnnCONCLUSIONnFurther research with a greater bigger sample is necessary to establish the relation of androgen levels in dry eye patients.PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare total testosterone blood level among three groups of postmenopausal women: control, mild to moderate dry eye and severe dry eye. METHODS: Twenty-nine postmenopausal women were selected. The exclusion criteria were: hormone replacement therapy in the last 8 weeks, mechanical palpebral abnormalities, pterygium, lacrimal obstructions, intraocular inflammation or contact lens use. A blood sample was collected for total testosterone level determination, and the patients were submitted to an ophthalmologic examination (emphasizing on dry eye detection) and answered the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) questionnaire. Five patients were excluded. Postmenopausal women were divided into three groups according to OSDI score and the ophthalmic examination. RESULTS: Five patients were classified in the no dry eye group (control), fifteen in the mild to moderate dry eye group and four in the severe dry eye group. There were no statistically significant differences regarding mean age (p=0.3915); instruction level (p=0.9333); number of comorbidities (p=0.2551); medication taken (p=0.2844) and total testosterone level among those groups (p=0.1275). CONCLUSION: Further research with a greater bigger sample is necessary to establish the relation of androgen levels in dry eye patients.

Eletrólise com radiofrequência no tratamento da triquíase

PURPOSE: Trichiasis is an acquired condition in which the eyelashes are directed posteriorly, touching the surface of the cornea. It poses a complex therapeutic problem. Despite several therapeutic options (epilation, electroepilation, cryotherapy, laser ablation and standard surgical techniques), relapse is frequent. METHODS: A prospective, nonmasked study was conducted to determine the efficacy of high-frequency radioelectrosurgery for treatment of trichiasis. Thirty-four patients (fifty-four eyelid segments) were treated with this technique. After eight weeks, all patients were reviewed regarding the success rate, relapse and complications. RESULTS: Cure was achieved after only one session of treatment in twenty-two patients, and two or more sessions in the remaining twelve. No complications have been reported. CONCLUSIONS: We consider high-frequency radioelectrosurgery a simple, not expensive, effective and free of complications technique for the treatment of trichiasis.

Estudo experimental da biocompatibilidade de novo material para implante orbitário

PURPOSEnTo evaluate the resin FullCure 720® biocompatibility as orbital implant. Clinical response and signs of systemic toxicity to the resin were evaluated, local biocompatibility and microscopic analysis regarding chronic local inflammatory response to the implant. The animals were weighted, biochemical exams and inflammatory response were evaluated. All animals were eviscerated and implantation of the spheres was carried out. Animals were followed for 60 days. Clinical behavior of animals and local signals of inflammation had been observed. After this period animals underwent euthanasia followed by enucleation. Macroscopic and histomorphometric analysis were performed. The results showed normal behavior of the animals, without implant exposure, extrusion, death or systemic toxicity. Capsule tissue formation was observed between the sclera and the implant. Normal inflammatory response to the foreign material in contact with the rabbit soft tissue was observed. The resin FullCure 720®, demonstrated to be biocompatible as an orbital implant in this study.

Estudo de potenciais doadores de córnea no Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR

PURPOSE: To quantify the potential cornea donor from the different units of Clinical Hospital of the UFPR. METHODS: 369 records of patients who died from april until july of 2005 in the HC-UFPR were analyzed. The medical records of each patient had been evaluated: the clinical evolution, CID-10 and hospital unit of the death. To be considered potential donor (PD) it was used as exclusion criteria the topics cited in the Manual of Transplants (2a edition-2004) of the State Secretariat of the Health of the State of the Parana. The PD had been grouped in: date of the death, type of internment and hospital unit. We analyze the amount of PD and total of deaths. RESULTS: Of 369 analyzed records, potential donor (PD) had been considered 70 patients (18.97% of the analyzed handbook total) the units: Center of Intensive Therapy, Center of Half Therapy and ER Adult had been responsible for 62,.8% of the PD. Already the neurosurgery, cardiac emergency and UTI cardiac surgery had presented a relation of PD per death superior than 60%. CONCLUSION: In this study we evidence that as much the units with great number of potential donor (PD) as those with a great relation PD per death are local of choice for an intervention with intention to increase the number of donations in our way.

Avaliação da qualidade das córneas doadoras em relação à idade do doador e causa do óbito

PURPOSEnTo analyze the quality of the corneas evaluated by slit lamp examination in the Eye Bank of the Hospital de Clínicas UFPR and its relation to donor age and cause of death.nnnMETHODSnAnalysis of 492 corneas, evaluated in BTO HC-UFPR between August 2006 to August 2008. Each cornea was classified regarding the quality as: very good, good, regular and bad; and according to clarity, epithelial defect, stromal edema, Descemets folds, stromal opacity, corneal scarring, endothelial density and guttata.nnnRESULTSnThe mean donor age was 42.74 years (sd=17.77 years). Among the causes of death, trauma was the most common with 46.18%, followed by cardiovascular causes with 41.86%. In relation to the cornea, 57.11% were classified as good, followed by 20.73% as regular, 16.87% as very good and 5.28% as bad. With the application of statistical tests based on ordinal regression model, trauma deaths corneas tend to be better, as well as those of younger patients.nnnCONCLUSIONSnStatistically, the corneas from younger donors tend to have better graduations in the assessment, as well as the corneas from donors dead by trauma that tend to have better quality when compared to corneas from donors dead by cardiovascular and other systemic diseases.