Hang-Bae Jun

Optimum Recovery of Biogas from Pig Slurry with Different Compositions

2 and Noh-Back Park This study was conducted to investigate the optimum conditions for efficient methane production through anaerobic digestion of pig waste slurry. The examined parameters were organic matter content of the pig slurry, the ratio of seed sludge to pig slurry, and stirring intensity of the digestion reactor. The effects of types of slurry produced from different purpose-based pigs fed with different feeds were also tested. The methane concentration in the produced biogas was 45% when the ratio of seed sludge to pig slurry was 50% and total solid (TS) concentration was 1%, and it increased in proportional to TS concentration increases from 3 to 7%. At 3 and 5% of TS concentration, increasing mixing velocity from 80 to 160 rpm resulted in higher biogas production amount. However, mixing amount of seed sludge did not cause any significant effect on biogas production. Overall, the most efficient biogas production was achieved at 3-5% TS concentration in combination with 50% seed sludge inoculation and mixing velocity at 120 rpm. Among pig slurry types, gestating sow waste slurry showed the highest biogas production probably due to higher the degradation rate than other types of pig waste slurry being affected by the feeds components.

Effects of DO concentration on Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification(SND) in a Membrane Bioreactor(MBR)

ABSTRACT:In this study, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) from synthetic wastewater were performed to evaluate dissolved oxygen(DO) effects on chemical oxygen demand(COD) and nitrogen removal in a single membarne bio-reactor(MBR). DO levels in MBR at Run 1, 2, and 3 were 1.9~2.2, 1.3~1.6, and 0.7~1.0 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results indicated that DO had an important factor to affect COD and total nitrogen(TN) removal. SND were able to be accomplished in the continuous-aeration MBR by controlling ambient DO concentration. It is postulated that, because of the oxygen diffusion limitation, an anoxic micro-zone was formed inside the flocs where the denitrification might occur. From the results of this study, 96% of COD could be removed at DO of 0.7mg/L. At run 2 72.92% of nitrogen was removed by the mechanisms of SND (7.75mg-TN/L in effluent). In this study, SND was successfully occurred in a MBR due to high MLSS that could help to form anoxic zone inside microbial floc at bulk DO concentr-ations of 1.3~1.6mg/L.Key Words:

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Efficiency of Aluminum Usage in DEPHANOX Process

Removal of total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) was evaluated in a DEPHANOX process by adding Al(III) to the separator to maintain T-P in the final effluent below 0.2 mg/L. pH in each reactor was maintained 7~8 after addition of Al(III) to the levels of 5, 10, 15 mg/L. The removal efficiency of COD and T-N decreased at higher Al(III) dose, but T-P removal efficiency increased from 76.28 to 84.02, 94.66% at Al(III) dose of 5, 10, 15 mg/L, respectively. T-P in effluent showed 0.17 mg/L at Al(III) dose of 15 mg/L. Minimum 15 mg/L of Al(III) was required to maitain T-P below 0.2 mg/L in the final effluent.

Effect of Magnesium and Calcium Ions on the Phosphorus Removal by Aluminium Coagulation

The effects of magnesium and calcium ions on phosphorus removal by aluminium coagulation were investigated with various jar tests using settled raw sewage. Maximum TP (total phosphate) removal occurred at pH around 5~6 with aluminium coagulation, and it decreased above pH 6. TP and HnPO4 removal efficiencies, however, were kept above 95% at pH above 6 by adding the divalent metallic ions like magnesium or calcium ions on aluminium coagulation process. At molar ratio of Al/P (Al/ HnPO4) above 3, TP removal efficiency was as high as 80%, and residual TP less than 0.2 mg/L occurred at Al/P ratio above 6. TP removal efficiency was improved by adding magnesium or calcium ions and the optimum Al/Mg and Al/Ca ratios were about 2. The required dose of aluminium coagulant was reduced for equivalent amount of TP removal by adding magnesium or calcium ions, as a result sludge generation was also reduced.

Removal of Nutrients Using an Upflow Septic Tank(UST) - Aerobic Filter(AF) System

The objective of this study was to investigate a small sewage treatment system. This system was developed to improve a nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and generate less solid using upflow septic tank(UST) - aerobic filter(AF) system. The UST equipped with an aerobic filter, the filter was fed with both raw sewage and recycled effluent from the UST to induce the denitrification and solid reduction simultaneously. Overall removal efficiencies of COD and total nitrogen(TN) were above 96% and 73% at recycle ratio of 200%, respectively. Critical coagulant dose without the biochemical activity was found to be 40 mg/L. Removal efficiency of total phosphorus(TP) in influent was above 90% by chemical and biological reactions. Although the phosphorus concentration was low under the high alkalinity in raw sewage, the pH value was unchanged by the coagulant dose.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) Using Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND)

Abstract : Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) occurs concurrently in the same reactor under micro dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. Anaerobic zone was applied for phosphorus release prior to an aerated membrane bio-reactor (MBR), and anoxic zone was installed by placing a baffle in the MBR for enhancing denitrification even in high DO concentration in the MBR. Phosphorus removal was tested by alum coagulation in the anaerobic reactor preceding to MBR. DO concentration were 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.75 mg/L in the MBR at different operating stages for finding optimum DO concentration in MBR for nitrogen removal by SND. pH was maintained at 7.0~8.0 without addition of alkaline solution even with alum addition due to high alkalinity in the raw sewage. Both TCODcr and NH 4+ -N removal efficiency were over 90% at all DO concentration. TN removal efficiencies were 50, 51, 54, 66% at DO concentration of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.75 mg/L, respectively. At DO concentration of 0.75 mg/L with addition of alum, TN removal efficiency decreased to 54%. TP removal efficiency increased from 29% to 95% by adding alum to anaerobic reactor. The period of chemical backwashing of the membrane module increased from 15~20 days to 40~50 days after addition of alum.

Solubilization Characteristics of Piggery Slurry by Different Storage type and Temperature Conditions

The current study investigated the fate of organic matter in piggery slurry under two different store systems(closed store system and open store system) in association with different temperature. Thirty days after storing in both systems at , it was observed that the content of organic matter remained in piggery slurry with closed store system was twice more than that with open store system implying more efficient degradation of organic matter with open store system. Temperature also influenced on the organic matter degradation in piggery slurry as shown decline in TS and VS contents as the temperature increased. With store at , 29% of initial organic matter was reduced while there was only 23% reduction of organic matter at . There was no difference in the type of organic fatty acids(VFAs) produced under the range of temperature(20, ) simulating summer condition. Increases in organic fatty acids contents with hydrolysis and acid producing microbial was observed from 15 days after initiating store of the piggery slurry and the total organic acid amount produced 30 days after store was and at and , respectively. These corresponded to 5.4% and 17.4% of the initial organic matter contents in piggery slurry, respectively.

The Methane Production from Organic Waste on Single Anaerobic Digester Equipped with MET (Microbial Electrochemical Technology)

Theoretical maximum methane yield of glucose at STP (1 atm, 0°C) is 0.35 L CH4/g COD. However, most researched actual methane yields of anaerobic digester (AD) on lab scale is lower than theoretical ones. A wide range of them have been reported according to experiments methods and types of organic matters. Recent year, a MET (Microbial electrochemical technology) is a promising technology for producing sustainable bio energies from AD via rapid degradation of high concentration organic wastes, VFAs (Volatile Fatty Acids), toxic materials and non-degradable organic matters with electrochemical reactions. In this study, methane yields of food waste leachate and sewage waste sludge were evaluated by using BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) and continuous AD tests. As the results, methane production volume from the anaerobic digester equipped with MET (AD + MET) was higher than conventional AD in the ratio of 2 to 3 times. The actual methane yields from all experiments were lower than those of theoretical value of glucose. The methane yield, however, from the AD + MET occurred similar to the theoretical one. Moreover, biogas compositions of AD and AD + MET were similar. Consequently, methane production from anaerobic digester with MET increased from the result of higher organic removal efficiency, while, further researches should be required for investigating methane production mechanisms in the anaerobic digester with MET.

The Process Efficiency Evaluation of the Food Supernatant Using A/G (Acid/Gas) Phased Anaerobic Digestion

본 연구는 음식물쓰레기를 혐기성 소화를 이용하여 중온 및 고온에서의 OLR에 따른 처리효율을 평가하였다. 실험 은 중온(35°C) 및 고온(55°C)의 온도조건에서 산발효 회분식 실험, BMP test 그리고 연속식 실험을 실시하였다. 산발효 회분식 실험의 경우 VS 제거효율은 각각의 온도에서 27.3, 30.6%이었으며, 35°C에 비해 55°C에서 제거효율이 더 높았다. VS와는 반대 로 SCOD는 시간이 지남에 따라 농도가 증가하였고, 각 온도의 가용화율은 27.4, 33.4%로 VS가 제거되는 농도와 SCOD가 증 가하는 농도가 비슷하였다. BMP test에서 최종 메탄수율 결과 중온 461, 고온 413 mL・CH4/gVS가 발생하였다. 산발효조에 서 SCOD 가용화율은 고온이 중온에 비해 8~7% 정도 높게 나타났다. 중온메탄발효조의 경우 낮은 유기물 부하에서 고온메탄 발효조에 비해 유기물제거 효율이 높게 나타났지만 높은 유기물 부하에서는 고온메탄발효조가 유리하였다. 고온메탄발효조의 VS제거 효율이 중온에 비해 낮은 경향이었으나, 6 kgCOD/m・day 고형물 농도에서는 중온소화의 VS제거 효율은 감소하였다. 중온메탄생성조의 유기물 부하에 따른 가스발생량은 12.6, 21.6, 27.4 L/day이었고, 고온의 경우 14.3, 20.6, 25.2 L/day로 중온소 화에 비해 각각의 모드별로 약 5~10% 낮은 메탄발생량을 나타내었다.