Hanik Endang Nihayati

Family members' perspective of family Resilience's risk factors in taking care of schizophrenia patients

Objectives The study was conducted to illustrate the risk factors of family resilience when taking care of patients with schizophrenia. Methods The research used qualitative design with an interpretive phenomenology approach, with in-depth interviews. The subjects were 15 family members who cared for patients with schizophrenia at the Menur Mental Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The samples were obtained by purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by interview and using field notes, then analyzed by Collaizi technique. Results This research produced two themes, they were care burden and stigma. Care burdens felt by families were confusion about the illness, emotional, physical, time, financial and social burdens, which leads to decrease in family quality of life. Families also experienced stigma called labeling, stereotyping, separation and discrimination. Stigmas meant that families faced psychological, social and intrapersonal consequences. This decreased the family quality of life and functionality of the family, and there were opportunities for negative results to family resilience. Health workers, especially psychiatric nurses, should review care burdens and stigma to develop nursing interventions so families are able to achieve resilience. Conclusions This research explained how care burden and stigma are risk factors that must be managed by families to survive, rise up, and become better in caring for patients with schizophrenia. Nurses have a central role in assessing the level of care burdens and stigma in order to help families achieve resilience. Further research may focus on family-based nursing interventions to lower care burden, and community-based interventions to reduce stigma.

Perceived barriers on mental health services by the family of patients with mental illness

Background Various efforts have been made by the Indonesian government to improve mental health services. In 2014, the government established Law no 18, which is about mental health and the treatment of people with mental illness covered by the universal health coverage. However, many people still experience difficulty in accessing mental health services. In Indonesia, family plays the role of a caregiver to people with mental illness. Objective This study aims to identify the perceived barriers on mental health services by families whose members suffers from mental illness. Methods This study is a qualitative research study with a phenomenological approach. Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling with a sample size of 12 participants. Data were collected using semistructured in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was performed using Colaizzi steps. Results The obtained results presented three themes. Theme 1, mental health service affordability; theme 2, mental health service availability; and theme 3, negative attitudes (stigma). Conclusion Families whose members suffered from mental illness still experienced barriers in relation to mental health services even with universal health coverage. Improved mental health services are related to the health insurance coverage, affordability, availability of mental health services and stigma reduction in the health professionals and wide community.