Hanne Westh Nicolajsen

Ingestion rate and gut clearance in the planktonic copepod Centropages hamatus in relation to food concentration and temperature

Abstract Ingestion rate, gut clearance rate and gut content were measured in the laboratory in adult females of the planktonic copepod Centropages hamatus fed the centric diatom Ditylum brightwelli. Ingestion rate increased with algal concentration approaching a maximum rate equal to 85 % body C · d−1 at 15 °C. Within the temperature interval studied (1–15 °C), maximum ingestion rate increased with temperature with a Q10 of 3.9. Gut clearance rate was estimated by following the exponential decrease in the gut content of plant pigments (measured fluoremetrically) with time after feeding, and showed approximately the same temperature dependence (Q10 = 3.3) as ingestion rate. The relationship between gut content and algal concentration was described by an equation similar to that relating ingestion rate to algal concentration. Gut content multiplied with gut clearance rate, which can be considered an estimate of ingestion rate, yielded values similar to ingestion rates actually measured. This implies that in...

Algal grazing by the planktonic copepods Centropages hamatus and Pseudocalanus sp.: Diurnal and seasonal variation during the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Øresund

Abstract Seasonal and diel variation in rate of algal grazing were estimated from measurements of gut content (plant pigments) and gut turnover in the copepods Centropages hamatus and Pseudocalanus sp. during spring (Januar–May) in the Oresund. Both species exhibited significant diel variation in gut content and ingestion rate at the three depths studied (5, 10 and 22 m), with the highest ingestion rates and gut contents during night. The variation was most pronounced in March, but almost insignificant in April. Since the copepods did not migrate vertically, the observed pattern is due to a variable feeding activity rather than caused by continuous feeding at varying food concentrations. We found a positive correlation between ambient algal concentration and algal ingestion rate and gut content for both species in weekly morning samples. The results indicated satiation of the ingestion rates at high algal concentrations. Maximum algal ingestion rates measured in the field were similar to maximum ingestion...

Investigating issues and challenges for customer involvement in Business services innovation

Purpose – The paper aims to investigate how customers may contribute to radical innovation in consultancy services and the conditions needed for customers to be involved in such radical service innovations.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a qualitative case study approach including rich descriptions based primarily on interviews to investigate an extreme example of successful customer involvement in the development of radical service innovations at Ramboll, a leading Scandinavian engineering consultancy.Findings – The study reveals that customers may be involved in radical innovation processes to different degrees. However, actively involving customers in radical services innovation require a relationship between the customer company and the service provider that might be described as a partnership in which ongoing learning takes place to develop new solutions. The findings reveal that unsolved problems as well as personal trust are key in making customers involved in radical service innovatio...

Service innovation in academic libraries: is there a place for the customers?

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to investigate whether management and employees in academic libraries involve users in library service innovations and what these user roles are.Design/methodology/approach – The article first reviews the literature focusing on innovation, new product development, new service development and library science with specific focus on users and management. Subsequently the research uses a case study approach to investigate management and customer involvement in a Danish academic library.Findings – Results from the case study show that academic libraries are making some attempts to draw on customers in service innovations and not only rely on management and employees. The main conclusion is that there are unexplored possibilities for customer involvement in library service innovations.Research limitations/implications – One limitation relates to the difficulty of generalization of the findings to other Danish libraries and especially other national contexts. The other on...

E-Services: Characteristics, Scope and Conceptual Strengths

The concept of e-services has gained increasing use lately. There is, however, no general agreement as to the precise meaning and scope of the term. The research purpose of the present article is, therefore, to discuss the e-service concept, its strengths and scope, and thereby contribute to the general understanding and definition of the term. Furthermore, the article aims at examining one of the primary conditions for the development of e-services, namely the codification of knowledge in connection with knowledge intensive services.

Using Social Media for Service Innovations: Challenges and Pitfalls

This article investigates how social software such as blogs can be used to collect ideas generated by the users in the service innovation process. After a theoretical discussion of user involvement and more specifically user involvement using social software and interactive web-tools, the article reports the results from a field experiment at a university library. In the experiment, a blog was established to collect ideas for service innovations from the library users. The experiment shows that blogs may generate a modest, but very useful amount of ideas. The experiment furthermore reveals that blogs might be useful to provide the institution with an image of openness and willingness to listen to customer input.

Editorial: Mobile and wireless communications: Technologies, applications, business models and diffusion

This issue of Telematics and Informatics examines developments in mobile and wireless communications with respect to new and upcoming applications and markets. The issue starts with a paper on the development trajectories of different mobile and wireless technologies and thereafter gives emphasis to questions regarding the upcoming uses of the opportunities provided by technology and the relevant business models and diffusion patterns foreseen. The emphasis is thus on upcoming developments – things that are emerging right now or are appearing on the horizon not that far away. Focus is on the present and mid-term perspective with issues, which are being tackled at the moment and are to be dealt with in the near-by future in order to take advantage of the technological opportunities offered by new mobile and wireless technologies. The issue of the journal has a European focus. One of the papers, though, deals with developments in Latin America and another paper takes a broader historical view on the development of mobile and wireless technologies, but all other papers have primarily a European background and perspective. This is important to notice as developments are not entirely the same in all parts of the world. Countries in Asia – in particular Japan and South Korea – have taken a lead in the development of new mobile and wireless applications. European countries, which were at the forefront regarding 2G developments in connection with GSM, have generally experienced a relatively slower development with regard to 3G and beyond technologies and applications. The reasons for such differences are not discussed in the papers; however, the papers reflect that developments of new mobile and wireless applications have also started taking off in Europe, leading to an interest in the potential success of new applications, what the business models are likely to be, and how diffusion will proceed. In the paper ‘License–exempt: Wi–Fi complement to 3G’, Wolter Lemstra and Vic Hayes compare and contrast the development of Wi–Fi as a license–exempt wireless broadband technology to access the Internet with the licensed regime of broadband cellular networks such as 3G. The approach is partly historical providing an overview of the main development steps in respectively mobile cellular technology and spread spectrum technology, partly based on the concept of technological paradigms (e.g., Dosi, 1982) and innovation journeys (Van de Ven et al., 1999). Though short, the historical account is full of details and even self-experienced details as one of the authors is Vic Hayes who is often considered the ‘father of Wi–Fi’ (BusinessWeek, 1 April 2003), as he was instrumental in the standardisation of Wi–Fi. The paper also compares the two technology areas with respect to regulatory regimes, business models, and diffusion trajectories. The overall conclusion is that the two technology areas have followed two very different development paths and that, even though there is a degree of overlap in the use of the two types of technologies, they mainly complement one another in the ways they are used presently. The following two papers are concerned with business models. The first of these two papers deals with business models for context aware mobile services; the other one is on potential business models for managing the use of flexible spectrum. Mark de Reuver and Timber Haaker are the authors of the paper on context aware mobile services: ‘Designing viable business models for context aware mobile services’. They provide an account of the kinds of contexts to include such as location, profile and preferences of users, device and connection types, etc.; also social awareness and group awareness are included. Based on Bouwman et al. (2008), who argue that service, technology, organisation, and financing components make up the elements of a business model, de Reuver and Haaker sum up the generic elements to take into account when examining business models for mobile services. This overview is used as the foundation to consider what is important in business models for context aware mobile services. 18 experts, academics as well as practitioners from three different European countries, were selected for semistructured interviews to discuss the challenges of business models for context aware mobile services. The result of the

Changing the Rules of the Game: Using Blogs for Online Discussions in Higher Education

The use of Web 2.0 technologies as tools for networked learning within higher education is challenging our current knowledge and practices within teaching. This study investigates the challenges using blogs for networked learning experienced by 37 students using blogs for online student discussions. The online student discussions were an assignment part of an undergraduate course aimed at making students active collaborative learners. Tensions and challenges are identified based on an individual assignment in the course in which the students provide their reflections on the experiment.

Generating ideas for new mobile tv services: accepting and socializing mobile television

Mobile TV is still in its infancy in respect to identifying new services/content, which deploy the technology convergence of broadcasting, Internet and radio while satisfying the user with respect to interactivity, sociability and content, and at the same time fit the small screen of a mobile phone. This paper reports on a semi-field trial performed with a group of young, IT literate users provided with handheld devices and the possibility of watching mobile TV as a basis for creation of ideas for more advanced services. The results shows that this group of users looks for personalized services and content, which have a high sociability factor.

Library Perceptions of Using Social Software Such as Blogs in the Idea Generation Phase of Service Innovations: Lessons from an Experiment

This article investigates the use of social software such as blogs to communicate with and to involve users in the idea generation process of service innovations. After a theoretical discussion of user involvement and more specifically user involvement using web-tools with specific focus on blogs, the article reports findings and lessons from a field experiment at a university library. In the experiment, a blog was established to collect service innovation ideas from the library users. The experiment shows that a blog may engage a limited number of users in the idea generation process and generate a useful, but modest amount of ideas.