Hans Ehrbar

Clinician Judgment in the Diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder in Children

Clinician judgment methodology was used to explore the influence of gender nonconformity and gender dysphoria on the diagnosis of children with Gender Identity Disorder (GID). A convenience sample of 73 licensed psychologists randomly received a vignette to diagnose. Vignettes varied across sex of child, gender conforming behavior, and gender dysphoria (including all possible permutations). Eight percent of respondents given a vignette involving a child who met purely behavioral criteria for GID diagnosed the child with GID. When additional information was provided, which in addition to gender nonconforming behavior the child also self-reported a cross-gender identity, this increased to 27% (significant at 5%).

Profit rate equalization in the U.S. and Europe: An econometric investigation

Abstract Although the equality of profit rates has been a key concept in classical as well as neoclassical economics, there are few empirical studies ascertaining to what extent profit rates are equalized or a tendency toward equalization can be observed. Using recently published data, we estimate an econometric model of profit rate convergence for the United States and four European countries. We compare size and significance of interindustry profit rate differentials in Europe and the United States and examine the sensitivity of the results to the definition of the rate of profit and the time period considered.

Mean-variance efficiency when investors are not required to invest all their money

Abstract A segment consisting of the lowest-return portfolios on the rising branch of the mean-variance boundary should not be considered efficient, since the wealth constraint is binding from below rather than from above. A definition of mean-variance dominance is proposed which excludes these portfolios, and a comparison is made with other approaches that also exclude the lowest-return portfolios.