Hans Günter Brauch

Facing global environmental change : environmental, human, energy, food, health and water security concepts

Contextualization of Global Environmental Change.- Introduction: Facing Global Environmental Change and Sectorialization of Security.- The International System, Great Powers, and Environmental Change since 1900.- The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Securing Interactions between Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being.- Securitization of Global Environmental Change.- Securitizing Global Environmental Change.- Natural Climatic Variations in the Holocene: Past Impacts on Cultural History, Human Welfare and Crisis.- Climate Change Impacts on the Environment and Civilization in the Near East.- Human Security, Climate Change and Small Islands.- Redefining Sustainability: A Policy Tool for Environmental Security and Desertification.- Societal Impacts of Desertification: Migration and Environmental Refugees?.- Desertification in Algeria: Policies and Measures for the Protection of Natural Resources.- Securitizing Water.- Changing Population Size and Distribution as a Security Concern.- Life on the Edge: Urban Social Vulnerability and Decentralized, Citizen-Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Four Large Cities of the Pacific Rim.- Policy Dimensions of Human Security and Vulnerability Challenges. The Case of Urban India.- Securitization of Extreme Natural and Societal Outcomes.- Interactions between Conflict and Natural Hazards: Swords, Ploughshares, Earthquakes, Floods and Storms.- AIDS as a Human Security Challenge.- Conflict and HIV/AIDS: Quantitative Analysis.- Preparing for Low-Frequency, Extreme Natural Hazards: Contributing to Human Security by Enhancing Freedom from Hazard Impact.- Environmental Refugees and Environmental Distress Migration as a Security Challenge for India and Bangladesh.- Environmental Scarcities and Civil Violence.- Linkages Between Sub-national and International Water Conflicts: The Eastern Nile Basin.- Extractive Industries and the Environmental Aspects of International Security.- Energy Security for the 21st Century.- Energy Security: Conceptualization of the International Energy Agency (IEA).- Scenarios of Energy Demand and Supply until 2100: Implications for Energy Security.- Projections of Fossil Energy Reserves and Supply until 2050 (2100): Implications for Longer-term Energy Supply Security.- Technical and Economic Potentials of Biomass until 2050: Regional Relevance for Energy Security.- Solar Energy on a Global Scale: Its Impact on Security.- Solar Energy as a Key for Power and Water in the Middle East and North Africa.- Energy Security in the Arab World.- Turkey: Energy Security and Central Asia: The Politics and Economics of the So-called Great Game.- Towards a Sustainable Energy System for Africa: An African Perspective on Energy Security.- Energy Security: Economic, Environmental, and Societal Opportunity for the North - Potential of Renewables to Avoid Conflicts?.- Food Security for the 21st Century.- Food as a New Human and Livelihood Security Challenge.- Governance of Food Security in the 21st Century.- A Research Strategy to Secure Energy, Water, and Food via Developing Sustainable Land and Water Management in Turkey.- Livelihood and Health Security for the 21st Century.- Sustainable Livelihood Security. Evolution and Application.- Global Health Security: The WHO Response to Outbreaks Past and Future.- Health and Human Security in the 21st Century.- AIDS - Challenge to Health Security in Africa: Politics in Africa and Case Study on Botswana.- Health and Poverty as Challenges for Human Security: Two Case Studies on Northern Vietnam and Bangladesh.- Water Security for the 21st Century.- Global Trade: Balancing Existing and Future Regional Water Resource Deficits.- Water Wars in India.- Sustainability of Environmental Regimes: The Mekong River Commission.- Water Scarcity and Political Wrangling: Security in the Euphrates and Tigris Basin.- Water Resources in the Arab World: A Case Study on Jordan.- New Security Thinking in Israeli-Palestinian Water Relations.- Functional Water Cooperation in the Jordan River Basin: Spillover or Spillback for Political Security?.- Water and Food Security in the River Nile Basin: Perspectives of the Government and NGOs in Egypt.- Water and Food Security in the Nile River Basin: Perspectives of Governments and NGOs of Upstream Countries.- Water and Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging Concepts and their Implications for Effective Water Resource Management in the Southern African Region.- Water Security in the Senegal River Basin: Water Cooperation and Water Conflicts.- The Centrality of Water Regime Formation for Water Security in West Africa: An Analysis of the Volta Basin.- Success and Failure in International River Basin Management - The Case of Southern Africa.- Can Integrated Water Resources Management Silence Malthusian Concerns? The Case of Central Asia.- Environmental Security in Central Asia and the Caspian Region: Aral and Caspian Seas.- The Central Asian Water Regime as an Instrument for Crisis Prevention.- Water Resource Management for Improving Environmental Security and Rural Livelihoods in the Irrigated Amu Darya Lowlands.- Water Security in Times of Armed Conflicts.- Environmental Security Concepts and Debates.- Environmental Security Concepts Revisited During the First Three Phases (1983-2006).- Environmental Security: Academic and Policy Debates in North America.- The Debate on Ecological Security in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.- Linking Knowledge Systems for Socio-ecological Security.- Environmental Security in Northeast Asia.- Environmental Security in the Arab World.- In the Name of Security: In the Name of Peace - Environmental Schizophrenia and the Security Discourse in Israel / Palestine.- Security and Environment and the Israel-Palestine Conflict.- Conceptualization and Debate on Environmental and Human Security in Palestine.- Environmental Scarcity, Insecurity and Conflict: The Cases of Uganda, Rwanda, Ethiopia and Burundi.- Environmental Security in Sub-Sahara Africa: Global and Regional Environmental Security Concepts and Debates Revisited.- The Brazilian Amazon in an Environmental Security and Social Conflict Framework.- Politics of Environment in the Caucasus Conflict Zone: From Nationalizing Politics to Conflict Resolution.- Environmental Security in the Asia-Pacific Region: Contrasting Problems, Places, and Prospects.- Security at the Poles: The Arctic and Antarctic.- Human and Gender Security Concepts and Debates.- Human Security Concepts in Policy and Science.- The Human Security Network: A Global North-South Coalition.- Theoretical Perspective on Human Security: A South Asian View.- Horizontal and Vertical Extension of International Security: A Human Security Approach.- Human Security in the Arab World: A Perspective from the Maghreb.- Human Security Concepts, Approaches and Debates in Southeast Asia.- Human Security in Sub-Saharan Africa.- Human Security in Central America.- Human Security: A South American Perspective.- Human Security in North America: A Canadian Perspective.- Human Security Initiatives of Japan.- Human Security: International Discourses and Local Reality - Case of Mali.- Enhancing Human Rights - A Contribution to Human Security.- Natural Disasters, Vulnerability and Human Security.- Environment as an Element of Human Security in Southeast Asia: Case Study on the Thai Tsunami.- The Impossibility of Securitizing Gender vis a vis Engendering Security.- A HUGE Gender Security Approach: Towards Human, Gender, and Environmental Security.- Human Security and the Governmentality of Neo-liberal Mobility: A Feminist Perspective.- Gender Security in South East Asia and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Exploitation in Central America: HUGE Security Challenges.- Do Disasters Discriminate? A Human Security Analysis of the Impact of the Tsunami in India, Sri Lanka and of the Kashmir Earthquake in Pakistan.- Failed Narco-state or a Human Security Failure? Ethical and Methodological Ruptures with a Traditional Read of the Afghan Quagmire.- Relevance of Human and Environmental Security Concepts for the Military Services: A Perspective of a Former Chief of Staff.- Towards a Human Security-Based Early Warning and Response System.- Conclusions: From Knowledge to Action and Policy Outlook.- Methods and Techniques of Remote Sensing to Contribute to Security in Tropical Rain Forests.- Linking Anthropocene, HUGE and HESP: Fourth Phase of Environmental Security Research.- Towards Sustainable Peace for the 21st Century.- Summary and Results: Facing Global Environmental Change and Sectorialization of Security.

Political Geoecology for the Anthropocene

This chapter argues that a fundamental change in earth history is under way which requires a rethinking of the relationship between humankind and nature, including the political realm and international relations, that makes geopolitical approaches in the Hobbesian tradition obsolete. The Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen coined for this new period of earth history the term ‘Anthropocene’ (Crutzen 2002 and preface essay).

Coping with Global Environmental Change – Sustainability Revolution and Sustainable Peace

In the Anthropocene era of earth and human history we are confronted with opposite : Business-as-usual in a Hobbesian world where economic and strategic interests and behaviour prevail leading to a major crisis of humankind, in inter-state relations and destroying the Earth as the habitat for humans and ecosystems putting the survival of the vulnerable at risk (see the ‘market first’ and ‘security first’ scenarios of UNEP 2007). The need for a transformation of global cultural, environmental, economic (productive and consumptive patterns) and political (with regard to human and interstate) relations (see the ‘sustainability first’ scenario of UNEP 2007).

Introduction: Coping with Global Environmental Change in the Anthropocene

This third volume of the Global Environmental and Human Security Handbook for the Anthropocene (GEHSHA) focuses on issues of Coping with Global Environmental Change that are contributing to a reconceptualization of security in the 21st century that has evolved since the end of the Cold War and has significantly been influenced by the globalization process.

Securitizing Land Degradation and Desertification: A Proactive Soil Security Concept

This chapter addresses manifold interactions between the natural environment and humankind affecting the land (or often used synonymously as ground and soil) as the provider of ecosystem services, water storage and food for living organisms (plants, animals, micro-organisms, and human beings).

Reconceptualizing Security in the 21st Century: Conclusions for Research and Policy-making

A key assumption of this book is that the fundamental global contextual change in the international order caused by the end of the Cold War in 1989 triggered a reconceptualization of security that was deeply influenced by two processes of globalization and global environmental change (GEC). The scientific security discourse also benefited from new approaches in the social sciences (e.g. constructivism, post modernism, complexity studies, learning social systems, risk society, solidarity society, altermundism, etc.). Both the contextual change and the scientific innovation did not result in a scientific revolution (Kuhn 1962).

Introduction: Addressing Global Environmental Challenges from a Peace Ecology Perspective

This is the first of two volumes based on peer reviewed and thoroughly revised scientific presentations, most of them initially discussed during the sessions of the Ecology and Peace Commission (EPC) at the International Peace Research Association (IPRA) 50th Anniversary Conference in Istanbul in August 2014.

Introduction: Regional Ecological Challenges for Peace in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and Asia Pacific

The processes of globalization and global environmental change have created increasing socioeconomic imbalances among continents, nations and social classes within the countries. Twenty-five years ago, with the end of the Cold War, the bipolar division of the world has been overcome and in several parts of the world regional cooperation among developing countries has intensified. Multiple mechanisms are still subordinating developing countries (hinterlands) and social groups to the hegemonic necessities of corporate capitalism, and its dominant countries.