Hans H. Hattemer

Tropical Forest Genetics

Genetic Processes in Tropical Forests.- - Genetics of Tropical Forests.- Population Genetics - an Overview.- Genetic Variation of Tropical Forest Plants.- Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Tropical Forests.- Gene Flow and Migration.- Mating Systems.- Adaptation and Coevolution.- Phylogenies and Evolution Above the Species Level.- Applications of Genetics to Tropical Forestry.- Fragmentation of Forests.- Genetic Aspects of the Management of Natural Tropical Forests.- Provenance Research.- Domestication and Breeding of Tropical Forest Trees.- Genetic Aspects of Plantation Forestry in the Tropics.- Conservation of Genetic Resources in Tropical Forest Trees.

Genetic analysis of isoenzyme phenotypes using single tree progenies

A method of genetic analysis is proposed for determination of the mode of inheritance of environmentally and ontogenetically stable isoenzyme phenotypes as expressed in angiospermous forest trees. This method also applies to higher plant and animal species characterized by multiple matings of single female parents. The modes of inheritance considered are codominance in the absence and the presence of a (recessive) null allele. The analyzed material consists of zymograms of single maternal trees and their progenies (as seeds or seedlings) from open pollination. Such data is more easily obtained than controlled crosses and can represent the total variation in the population. The genetic analysis requires only the basic assumptions of classical Mendelian analysis, which make use only of the elementary mechanisms of meiosis and fertilization. Additional assumptions on the mating system, such as those required by the mixed mating model, are not needed. The results confirm the need for explicit genetic analysis of zymograms.

Modeling Population Genetic Data in Autotetraploid Species

Allozyme and PCR-based molecular markers have been widely used to investigate genetic diversity and population genetic structure in autotetraploid species. However, an empirical but inaccurate approach was often used to infer marker genotype from the pattern and intensity of gel bands. Obviously, this introduces serious errors in prediction of the marker genotypes and severely biases the data analysis. This article developed a theoretical model to characterize genetic segregation of alleles at genetic marker loci in autotetraploid populations and a novel likelihood-based method to estimate the model parameters. The model properly accounts for segregation complexities due to multiple alleles and double reduction at autotetrasomic loci in natural populations, and the method takes appropriate account of incomplete marker phenotype information with respect to genotype due to multiple-dosage allele segregation at marker loci in tetraploids. The theoretical analyses were validated by making use of a computer simulation study and their utility is demonstrated by analyzing microsatellite marker data collected from two populations of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), an economically important autotetraploid tree species. Numerical analyses based on simulation data indicate that the model parameters can be adequately estimated and double reduction is detected with good power using reasonable sample size.

Transferrin polymorphism and genetic differentiation in Cervus elaphus L. (European red deer) populations

A study of transferrin in 11 different European populations of Cervus elaphus as well as in one Cervus elephus × Cervus nippon hybrid population has revealed a polymorphism of this protein. Genetic analysis suggests that it is controlled by one gene locus with three codominant alleles. The allele frequencies allow a clear discrimination not only between the hybrid population and pure red deer but also between different Continental red deer populations. Comparison of the genotypic structures with the Hardy-Weinberg structure shows no significant deviation. Genetic variation within and differentiation between populations is evaluated for the transferrin gene locus using different measures. Average heterozygosities have been calculated for five populations including the results of previous studies on 14 other protein systems. Some management implications of the present results are discussed.

Genetic differences between autochthonous and breeding populations of common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece

Individuals were selected for resistance against the imperfect fungus Seiridium cardinale Wag in six common cypress populations (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece. A total of 109 resistant clones and 140 trees from their base populations were surveyed at several allozyme loci. The comparison yielded information on changes in genetic variation due to artificial selection. The genetic structure of the breeding populations was similar to their base populations. Nevertheless, the number of rare alleles among the resistant clones had decreased, showing a similar trend at most loci and for most comparisons. Possible implications for breeding strategies are discussed.

Cross‐Mating in the Forest — Love‐Life of Yew Trees

Yew trees reproduce in an unusual way and have been esteemed for centuries for the wood they provide. Today, their stands often lie far apart, which has consequences for reproduction

Fremdpaarung im Wald ‐ Das Liebesleben der Eibe

Die Eibe vermehrt sich auf ungewohnliche Weise und wurde jahrhundertelang als Holzlieferant geschatzt. Heute liegen ihre Bestande oft weit voneinander entfernt. Das hat Folgen fur die Fortpflanzung