Hans-Jürgen Sommers

Statistics of resonance poles, phase shifts and time delays in quantum chaotic scattering: Random matrix approach for systems with broken time-reversal invariance

Assuming the validity of random matrices for describing the statistics of a closed chaotic quantum system, we study analytically some statistical properties of the S-matrix characterizing scattering in its open counterpart. In the first part of the paper we attempt to expose systematically ideas underlying the so-called stochastic (Heidelberg) approach to chaotic quantum scattering. Then we concentrate on systems with broken time-reversal invariance coupled to continua via Mopen channels; a=1,2,…,M. A physical realization of this case corresponds to the chaotic scattering in ballistic microstructures pierced by a strong enough magnetic flux. By using the supersymmetry method we derive an explicit expression for the density of S-matrix poles (resonances) in the complex energy plane. When all scattering channels are considered to be equivalent our expression describes a crossover from the χ2 distribution of resonance widths (regime of isolated resonances) to a broad power-like distribution typical for the r...

Almost Hermitian Random Matrices: Crossover from Wigner-Dyson to Ginibre Eigenvalue Statistics

By using the method of orthogonal polynomials, we analyze the statistical properties of complex eigenvalues of random matrices describing a crossover from Hermitian matrices characterized by the Wigner-Dyson statistics of real eigenvalues to strongly non-Hermitian ones whose complex eigenvalues were studied by Ginibre. Two-point statistical measures [as, e.g., spectral form factor, number variance, and small distance behavior of the nearest neighbor distance distribution p(s) ] are studied in more detail. In particular, we found that the latter function may exhibit unusual behavior p(s){proportional_to}s{sup 5/2} for some parameter values. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Statistical properties of random density matrices

Statistical properties of ensembles of random density matrices are investigated. We compute traces and von Neumann entropies averaged over ensembles of random density matrices distributed according to the Bures measure. The eigenvalues of the random density matrices are analysed: we derive the eigenvalue distribution for the Bures ensemble which is shown to be broader then the quarter-circle distribution characteristic of the Hilbert–Schmidt ensemble. For measures induced by partial tracing over the environment we compute exactly the two-point eigenvalue correlation function.

Scattering, reflection and impedance of waves in chaotic and disordered systems with absorption

We review recent progress in analysing wave scattering in systems with both intrinsic chaos and/or disorder and internal losses, when the scattering matrix is no longer unitary. By mapping the problem onto a nonlinear supersymmetric σ-model, we are able to derive closed-form analytic expressions for the distribution of reflection probability in a generic disordered system. One of the most important properties resulting from such an analysis is statistical independence between the phase and the modulus of the reflection amplitude in every perfectly open channel. The developed theory has far-reaching consequences for many quantities of interest, including local Green functions and time delays. In particular, we point out the role played by absorption as a sensitive indicator of mechanisms behind the Anderson localization transition. We also provide a random-matrix-based analysis of S-matrix and impedance correlations for various symmetry classes as well as the distribution of transmitted power for systems with broken time-reversal invariance, completing previous works on the subject. The results can be applied, in particular, to the experimentally accessible impedance and reflection in a microwave or an ultrasonic cavity attached to a system of antennas.

Induced Ginibre ensemble of random matrices and quantum operations

A generalization of the Ginibre ensemble of non-Hermitian random square matrices is introduced. The corresponding probability measure is induced by the ensemble of rectangular Gaussian matrices via a quadratization procedure. We derive the joint probability density of eigenvalues for such an induced Ginibre ensemble and study various spectral correlation functions for complex and real matrices, and analyse universal behaviour in the limit of large dimensions. In this limit, the eigenvalues of the induced Ginibre ensemble cover uniformly a ring in the complex plane. The real induced Ginibre ensemble is shown to be useful to describe the statistical properties of evolution operators associated with random quantum operations for which the dimensions of the input state and the output state do differ.

Shot noise in chaotic cavities with an arbitrary number of open channels

Using the random matrix approach, we calculate analytically the average shot-noise power in a chaotic cavity at an arbitrary number of propagating modes (channels) in each of the two attached leads. A simple relationship between this quantity, the average conductance and the conductance variance is found. The dependence of the Fano factor on the channel number is considered in detail.

Random quantum operations

Abstract We define a natural ensemble of trace preserving, completely positive quantum maps and present algorithms to generate them at random. Spectral properties of the superoperator Φ associated with a given quantum map are investigated and a quantum analogue of the Frobenius–Perron theorem is proved. We derive a general formula for the density of eigenvalues of Φ and show the connection with the Ginibre ensemble of real non-symmetric random matrices. Numerical investigations of the spectral gap imply that a generic state of the system iterated several times by a fixed generic map converges exponentially to an invariant state.

Nonlinear statistics of quantum transport in chaotic cavities

In the framework of the random matrix approach, we apply the theory of Selbergs integral to problems of quantum transport in chaotic cavities. All the moments of transmission eigenvalues are calculated analytically up to the fourth order. As a result, we derive exact explicit expressions for the skewness and kurtosis of the conductance and transmitted charge as well as for the variance of the shot-noise power in chaotic cavities. The obtained results are generally valid at arbitrary numbers of propagating channels in the two attached leads. In the particular limit of large (and equal) channel numbers, the shot-noise variance attends the universal value

Systematic approach to statistics of conductance and shot-noise in chaotic cavities

1∕64\ensuremath{\beta}

Truncations of random orthogonal matrices

that determines a universal Gaussian statistics of shot-noise fluctuations in this case.