Hans-Peter Meyer

Industrial Scale Suspension Culture of Living Cells

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Microbial expression systems and manufacturing from a market and economic perspective.

Biotechnology generates global sales in the order of well over 200 billion US

Enzymatic Biocatalysis in Chemical Transformations

in all markets and has thus become an important economic factor in manufacturing. The buzz word ‘biotechnology’ carries expectations that it can provide sustainable solutions for greenhouse gas reduction in manufacturing industries, trigger a ‘clean tech’ boom and create new jobs. It is no wonder that biotechnology has gained significant attention even in high level politics as it can give a ‘green’ touch to administrations. Many consumers are not even aware of the surprising array of products and services which biotechnology can or could provide today; these range from high-tech pharmaceutical applications to snow making. Table 1 lists some new or unusual applications of biotechnology products which include, for example, skin protection compounds from the oceans or biopolymers for drag reduction in transport pipelines.

Enzymatic Biocatalysis in Chemical Transformations: A Promising and Emerging Field in Green Chemistry Practice

The production of ever more complex fine chemicals for life sciences (health care, agrochemicals, nutraceuticals) requires selective synthetic biotechnological tools, which complement purely organic chemical synthesis with a rewarding economic and ecological impact. Biotechnology has become an important contributor to the gross domestic product in many countries, and this contribution translates also into enzyme applications for different markets and products, novel biotech companies, and international research programs and consortia. The present chapter deals with the different aspects of enzyme biocatalysis for chemical transformations, starting with the prospection and identification of novel microbial enzymes, which are becoming indispensable for current industrial processes. The benefits of extremophilic bioprospection and protein engineering along with the preponderant role of nature itself as the best source for finding truly novel enzymes with potential industrial applicability are discussed. Also, the different production processes, using immobilized and free biocatalysts for fine and bulk chemical production, are analyzed. Finally, new reactions and developments in enzymatic catalysis will be presented as well as green chemistry aspects as an inherent feature of industrial biotransformation, where novel technologies for cofactor regeneration and solvents for biotransformations are featured as “green” solutions.