Harold Goldman

Adrenal blood flow in the albino rat.

The cardiac output fractionation technique employing Rb 86 or iodoantipyrine (I 131 ) has been applied to the study of adrenal blood flow in the rat. Either indicator is suitable for the measurement of adrenal blood flow: this is indicated by constancy of label uptake during the first 30 seconds after its administration in a single intravenous injection; when given together the same fraction of each indicator is taken up by the gland. The adrenal flow fraction is 0.14% of the cardiac output in 200–275-gm female rats, corresponding to a flow of 0.078 ml/min. or 1.9 ml/gm/min. The value is increased 114% by ACTH. Ligation of one common carotid artery increases the value 80%. Laparotomy and dissection around the adrenal gland produce irregular changes in adrenal blood flow. The significance of these findings for the ‘normal’ adrenal blood flow is discussed.

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol alters flow of blood to subcortical areas of the conscious rat brain

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC), 1 mg/kg injected intravenously into conscious, unrestrained rats induced “cateleptoid” postures, vocalization, and in about half of the animals, a unique jumping behavior. During the period of cataleptoid behavior at 20 minutes after injection, the flows of blood to dorsal hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and basal ganglia were reduced significantly, whereas perfusion of cortical areas was unaffected. These regional changes in flow are believed to reflect acute functional responses to Δ9THC.

d-amphetamine effects on attention and memory in the Albino and Hooded rat

Abstract Albino and hooded rats were injected with either d-amp or physiological saline and tested on acquisition, reversal, and recall of a brightness discrimination. Hooded rats acquired and reversed the discrimination more quickly than albino rats. D-amp retarded both acquisition and reversal while enhancing recall. The results indicated that d-amp disrupts attention while enhancing memory. The systems which may mediate this behavioral fractionation are discussed.

The nervous control of blood flow to the pineal body

Abstract The minimum nutritional flow of blood to the pineal body was measured in intact rats and in those in which the superior cervical ganglia have been bilaterally removed or decentralized. In addition, blood flow was determined during infusions of high physiologic doses of epinephrine, norepinephrine or vasopressin. Either surgical procedure reduced the flow to the pineal by one-third without a loss in organ weight. In addition, the ability of the pineal to make a compensatory vasomotor response to pressor quantities of norepinephrine or vasopressin was lost. There was no evidence of denervation sensitization for vasomotor responses. The high flow of blood to the denervated pineal body suggests a continued high level of metabolic activity.