Harold T. Shapiro

A Larger Sense of Purpose: Higher Education and Society

Prologue ix The University and Society 1 The Transformation of the Antebellum College From Right Thinking to Liberal Learning 40 Liberal Education, Liberal Democracy, and the Soul of the University 88 Some Ethical Dimensions of Scientific Progress 120 Bibliography 163 Index 175

Universities and Their Leadership

PrefaceContributorsThe University and Its Critics3On the Accountability of Higher Education in the United States15University Presidents - Then and Now65On the History of Giants101A Neglected Topic: Professional Conduct of College and University Teachers119How Can Universities Teach Professional Ethics?157Unity or Fragmentation, Convergence or Diversity: The Academic Profession in Comparative Perspective in the Era of Mass Higher Education173A Time for Audacity: What the Past Has to Teach the Present about Science and the Federal Government199New Policies for New Times241On the Future of Americas Scientific Enterprise251Index259

The allocation of household income to food consumption

Abstract Low-income households - those toward which various income supplement programs are aimed - not only spend a large share of their incomes on food, but exhibit a higher income elasticity of demand for food than does the rest of the population. Further, a greater proportion of the marginal income generated via welfare payments and food subsidy programs (e.g., food stamps) is devoted to food consumption than is true of wage income. These are among the major conclusions emerging from an extensive Engel Curve analysis applied to the data generated by a five-year (1968–1972) panel study of 5000 U.S. households.

Protection for human subjects in medical research.

Menstrual difficulties post TBI may be a sign of neuroendocrine irregularities which may affect other health issues such as cognition and mood. However, these relationships need to be studied further. In the study we conducted, we did not collect information, for example, on hormonal changes or on stress. We are only speculating at this point. We know that TBI is one of the etiologies for hypopituitarism found in up to 59% of patients several months, and even years, post TBI. We also know that low levels of sex hormones associated with hypopituitarism can cause amenorrhea and other menstrual disorders. Unfortunately though, screening for this after TBI is not typically done so this area is relatively under-diagnosed. We are leading an international taskforce on girls and women with TBI to study this area further. Please view our study for more information: Colantonio, et al. (2010). Women’s health outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Women’s Health, 19(6), 1109-1116.