Harold Zink

GERHARD LEIBHOLZ. Strukturprobleme der Modernen Demokratie. Pp. ix, 304. Karlsruhe, Germany: Verlag C. F. Mül ler, 1958. DM 18.80

rable from its operation as a practical political group. Thus, English socialism in the 1880’s was largely thought or the literary propagation of ideas. Yet English socialism in the twentieth century can hardly be understood apart from the Labour Party, the labor unions, the co-operatives, and the other mass organizations which form the backbone of the Labour Party, and within which the basic ideas of socialism and social reform are hammered out in day-to-day operations. Secondly, the

Selected Materials for a Comparative Study of Local Government.

Literature on local government is extensive in such countries as the United States, United Kingdom, and Sweden, fairly comprehensive in such countries as France and Germany, and almost if not quite non-existent in certain of the under-developed countries. With the limited space available, it has seemed desirable not to include any materials relating to the English-speaking countries, since these are generally well known to scholars. An attempt has been made to bring in representative local government systems from the major areas of the world, but neither the Soviet Union, the Peoples Republic of China, nor any satellite country is included, mainly because of failure to find specialists who would undertake the task. Since this article is likely to be used primarily by those whose linguistic competence is limited to English or a European language, emphasis has been placed on materials in these languages, but as much attention as has seemed feasible has been given to sources in other languages. It is not surprising that the great preponderance of research in local government has thus far related to specific countries. Nevertheless, there has been some recognition of the importance of comparative studies in local government, and interest in such projects seems to be growing slowly at present. The earlier studies of William B. Munro, The Government of European Cities (New York, Macmillan, 1909) and William Anderson, ed., Local Government in Europe (New York, Appleton-Century, 1939) may be cited as somewhat isolated examples of earlier comparative works in the local government field. The quite recent studies of William A. Robson, ed., Great Cities of the World (London, Allen and Unwin, 1955), International Union of Local Authorities, Local Government Finance and Its Importance for Local Autonomy (The Hague, 1955), and Village Government in Eastern and Southern Asia: A Symposium, Far Eastern Quarterly, February, 1956, represent significant projects in the presentday comparison of local government institutions and problems. A pilot study undertaken by the International Political Science Association, under the sponsorship of UNESCO, of rural local government in India, Italy, and Sweden,2 and a more comprehensive survey, now in progress, by the International Union of Local Authorities, also sponsored by UNESCO, of local

HOCKING, WILLIAM ERNEST. Experiment in Education: What We Can Learn from Teaching Germany. Pp. xvi, 303. Chi cago : Henry Regnery Company, 1954.

nomena. Judgment intrudes anyway either directly or in the form of questionable parallels (pp. 67, 353), or in the obscure assertion that in World War II &dquo;naturally towns without military interest escaped&dquo; destruction (p. 166), or, in its particular context, in a reference to the &dquo;countrymen of Kant and Goethe ... a highly cultured nation&dquo; (p. 347). At the end of the book, the author expresses the expectation that comparative studies of other Western European cultures will provide us with &dquo;a sounder factual basis for dividing ... [their common] area into cultural subdivisions than the inexpensive one of national or even linguistic boundaries.&dquo; His book would have contributed much more toward this aim and gone far beyond being a mine of information if he had transcended classificatory ethnology toward analysis in terms of social relations, culture patterns, and configurations, even national character, but above all, politics and morals. KURT H. WOLFF Ohio State University

5.00:

Few Americans have given more attention to the postwar problem of Germany than James P. Warburg. Eight books and at least seven pamphlets on the subject have come from his pen since 1944; in addition, he has delivered numerous lectures, forwarded communications to Washington, and so forth. The present volume draws rather heavily on his earlier works and indeed its main purpose is to bring them down to date, pointing particularly to developments under Truman-Acheson and Eisenhower-Dulles. For the most part the discussion is provocative in character, and

WARBURG, JAMES P. Germany: Key to Peace. Pp. xix, 344. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953.

papermen. None of the state governments comes off very well, but the least denunciation, perhaps, is expended on Nebraska. The author of the chapter on that state, J. E. Lawrence, is a devoted admirer of the late Senator Norris, who had a profound liberal influence upon the government and politics of the state, an effect which the Butlers and Wherrys have been unable so far to undo. It is difficult to say which state