Haroon Rasheed

Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Vehicular Networks over Composite Fading

Recent advancement in vehicular wireless applications is also a major contributing factor in spectrum scarcity. Cognitive radio system is a mechanism which allows unlicensed cognitive users (CUs) to utilize idle unused bands. Fast and reliable detection of primary legacy user is the key component of cognitive radio networks. However, hidden terminal and low SNR problems due to shadow fading put fundamental limit to the sensing performance and practical entailments in design of the cognitive vehicular networks. Extensive modeling is being carried out to specify varying channel characteristics, particularly multipath fading and shadowing. Energy detection-(ED-) based spectrum sensing is a viable choice for many vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to-road-side infrastructure (V2I) communications. This paper examines the performance of spectrum sensing using ED over Gamma-shadowed Nakagami-m composite fading channel to cater for both small-and-large scale fading. The results highlight the notable impact of shadowing spread and fading severity on detection performance. The relevant simulation results are presented to support our analytical results for average detection probability. Furthermore, these results are investigated and compared to other compound and classical channels.

Spectrum sensing with Energy detection under shadow-fading condition

Spectrum sensing is the first step in cognitive radio communications, as it should be carried out before permitting cognitive client to approach an idle but authorized channel. Shadowing brings out basic limits on performance of spectrum sensing methods in cognitive radio. This paper quantifies Energy detection for spectrum sensing under shadowed condition, with the help of Loo distributed fading channel. We outline some closed form approximations for Energy detection over Loo channel i.e, an unexplored area so far. Further, we compare sensing performance of Loo channel with different fading channels. Our simulation results interpret the performance improvement in Energy-detection based spectrum sensing over Loo channel. We also analyze through numerical and simulation Loo fading channel performance is better under moderate SNR conditions as compare to Rayleigh and Log-normal fading models.

Selection of an optimal mother wavelet basis function for ECG signal denoising

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most useful for the early diagnosis and monitoring of the cardiac problems. Cardiovascular diseases are the common cause of death all over the world. Various types of noises can contaminate the ECG signal. In many situations the ECG signal is recorded during ambulatory conditions such that the signal is corrupted by noise which leads to incorrect diagnosis. Hence noise reduction is an essential objective of ECG signal processing. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of mother wavelet basis functions and to select the most suitable mother wavelet so that it retains the desired diagnostics information in the ECG signal. The comparison is based on evaluating the mean square error (MSE), signal to noise ratio (SNR) and correlation.

On the Energy Detection over generalized-K (KsubGsub) fading

In this paper, we present a new tractable expression for average probability of Energy Detection (ED) in generalized-K (KG) fading channel. ED has been proposed for spectrum sensing in cognitive radios and various wireless applications. A closed form solution for modeling ED under shadow-fading conditions using lognormal distribution is complicated and is the main drawback. In KG fading model, shadowing is modeled by Gamma probability density function (PDF) and Nakagami-m distribution is used to represent the small-scale random variations of the received signal envelope. By applying the alternative series representation of Marcum-Q function, We obtain a closed form expression for ED based average detection probability over KG fading. The derived expressions are validated, and analytical results are verified by numerical computations and simulations for scenarios of practical interest Further, these results are considered for performance analysis and improvement of sensing by varying parameters of KG fading channel under light and moderate shadowing.

An adaption of IEEE 802.15.4a in an industrial Field Bus

Low data rate, IEEE 802.15.4a wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are introduced in industrial field level communication. The standard supports a carrier less baseband impulse radio-time hopping ultra wide band (IR-TH UWB) physical layer (PHY), which due to its small duty cycle and very short pulse widths is robust against dense multipath propagation and interferences. The medium access control (MAC) allows the use of slotted Aloha, carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and guaranteed slots (GTS) mechanisms. However, for its efficient deployment in Field Bus systems, an adaption is required to improve reliability and real time performance. We propose a self configuring MAC to handle asynchronous alarm requests during ongoing synchronous transmissions. Addressable TH codes in fixed time slots of modified superframe structure are employed. On behalf of these amendments, expressions for accessing delays of synchronous and asynchronous data are derived with traffic modeling. In addition, the error performance of the selected PHY is evaluated over realistic IEEE 802.15.4a industrial non line of sight (NLOS) channel in comparison over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Selective Rake (SRake) receiver is used to recover the signal in dense multipath propagated environment. Impulse response and the power delay profile (PDP) of the channel are generated and presented.

Factors influencing the Cloud Computing adoption in Higher Education Institutions of Punjab, Pakistan

Cloud Computing is one of the most important trend and newest area in the field of information technology in which resources (e.g. CPU and storage) can be leased and released by customers through the Internet in an on-demand basis. The adoption of Cloud Computing in Education and developing countries is real an opportunity. Although Cloud computing has gained popularity in Pakistan especially in education and industry, but its impact in Pakistan is still unexplored especially in Higher Education Department. Already published work investigated in respect of factors influencing on adoption of cloud computing but very few investigated said analysis in developing countries. The Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of Punjab, Pakistan are still not focused to discover cloud adoption factors. In this study, we prepared cloud adoption model for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of Punjab, a survey was carried out from 900 students all over Punjab. The survey was designed based upon literature and after discussion and opinions of academicians. In this paper, 34 hypothesis were developed that affect the cloud computing adoption in HEIs and tested by using powerful statistical analysis tools i.e. SPSS and SmartPLS. Statistical findings shows that 84.44% of students voted in the favor of cloud computing adoption in their colleges, while 99% supported Reduce Cost as most important factor in cloud adoption.

Future of mobile human computer interaction research - A review

Mobile systems usability raises new challenges, questions and concern for the evaluation of field and lab. According to the literature study, mobile HCI research projects are mostly lab based. Mobile devices have spread in our society, indicating wider gap between desktop and mobile users. These mobile devices are more flexible, and can work with variety of input mechanisms therefore the models that describe them should be renovated. This research article aims to provide review of research in the area of mobile human computer interaction and also presents guidelines for designing mobile device interface.

Modeling the Rice Land Suitability Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach in Sindh, Pakistan

The objective of this research was to evaluate rice land suitability in Sindh, Pakistan, by designing GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) spatial model to aggregate interdisciplinary aspects including factors of soil physical and chemical properties, ground water quality, soil pH, agro-ecological zones, canal command area and temperature. A constraint map of water bodies was also utilized in this model. On the basis of these parameters, standardized raster maps were created, and then Pair-Wise Comparison Matrix (PWCM) of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was developed to calculate significant weights by means of Principal Eigen vector by Saaty’s method, with accepted Consistency Ratio (CR) of 0.10. Furthermore, Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) employing Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) aggregated all the suitability maps to yield rice land suitability map. Final output map of this work demonstrated 30.2% increase in area suitable for rice cultivation with an increased production of 14,716,592.17 tonnes as compared to existing rice practices in Sindh. This increase in the area and production of the potential land shows the capability of our novel model and offers an opportunity to improve cultivation by providing the much required information at local level that could benefit farmers, vision scientists and decision makers to select appropriate cropping site and agricultural planning making the best use of available data.

Roadside infrastructure transmission of VANET using Power Line Communication

Vehicular ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging mobile wireless ad hoc communication system applied on the roads, realizing multi-hop wireless communication between Vehicles to Vehicles, Vehicles to Roadside Infrastructure (RSI) and between RSIs. The Vehicle transmits the information to the nearest RSI that is connected to gateway either wirelessly or wired. The deployment of a roadside infrastructure is expensive and cannot be efficiently implemented using low-cost hardware. Power Line Communication (PLC) refers to the utilization of electricity transmission power lines for communication medium whilst simultaneously serving as a physical medium for realization of data transmission. PLC today are not only used for remote meter reading, home automation and other low-speed control systems but are also utilized at physical layer of Internet infrastructure. The power line is the only network that is available almost in any part of the inhabited area, hence can provide extensive coverage for VANET. In this article a scheme is proposed for power lines serve as a medium for transfer of information from RSI to RSI and RSI to Internet gateway. Standard equations are used to noise analysis and quantify the proposed approach as a cost effective deployment of PLC for VANET. Simulation results are provided for further investigations and research. It is evident that PLC with low data rate is suitable for transmission of smart car sensor data as compare to costly high-speed wireless medium.

Optimal configuration of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for remote areas of Balochistan

Since all renewable energies depend upon the geography, climate and environment of a region, Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) are designed on the basis of these parameters to fulfill the power demands of a region. Optimization of HRES is a process of selecting the best source and its sizing with a suitable operation tactic to deliver economical, efficient, reliable and cost effective alternative energy supply. This study reflects different components of HRES and develops a general model to find an optimal configuration of HERS for remote areas of Balochistan to minimize the life cycle cost. In this study an integrated optimal configuration of HRES is achieved using photovoltaic (PV), wind, geothermal and diesel generator with a battery bank for backup. For this purpose local solar radiation data, wind speed data and components database from different manufactures are analyzed and simulated in HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables). Performance of HERS components is evaluated by incorporating the environmental aspects in different configurations. The proposed system is examined in two different remote areas of Balochistan (Chaghi and Ornach). Meteorological data from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) and from other sources such as NASA is used for the estimation of solar & wind energy potentials.