Harri Kalimo

E-Cycling: Linking Trade and Environmental Law in the EC and the U.S.

PART I INTRODUCTION Chapter 1: Background, Intention and Structure PART II ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, TRADE LAW, AND ELECTRONICS RECYCLING Chapter 2: Regulatory Competition Chapter 4: Recycling Electronics-Preliminary Practical and Legal Viewpoints PART III ELECTRONICS RECYCLING AT THE CROSSROADS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND TRADE LAW Chapter 5: Product Requirements on Recycling Electronics Chapter 6: Waste Electronics Chapter 7: Recycling Schemes Chapter 8: Extended Producer Responsibility Chapter 9: Market-Based Tools Chapter 10: Information Requirements PART IV TOWARDS MUTUALLY REINFORCING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND TRADE LAW Chapter 11: Conclusions Annexes Annex 1: Recycling Technologies for Electronics Annex 2: Examples of Design for the Environment Tools Deploying a Life-Cycle Analysis Annex 3: Marketable Rights-A Hypothetical Illustration Bibliography List of Cases Table of Legal Provisions Index.

Market definition as value reconciliation: the case of renewable energy promotion under the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

The interrelationship between renewable energy support policies and World Trade Organization (WTO) law is an important recent manifestation of the challenge to reconcile environmental and economic values in contemporary societies. This article strives to contribute to the discussion by using the intersection between policies to support renewable energy, in particular sustainable biofuels in the EU, and the WTO’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures as a case study. The article discusses how efforts to promote renewable energy seem to have become contingent upon the core legal notion of ‘relevant markets’. The article further claims that this contingency is problematic: renewable energy markets are highly complex in practice, and combined with the WTO’s convoluted interpretations of ‘relevant markets’, the legal outcomes struggle to find the proper balance between appropriate support for sustainability and the prevention of protectionist market fragmentation.

EU Economic Law in a Time of Crisis

How has the EU’s economic crisis affected the development of economic law in the Union? This book contributes to the debate by examining EU economic law from a contextual and policy-oriented perspective. The expert authors explore areas such as the EMU and the internal market, and emphasize the important fields of public procurement, taxation, and intellectual property rights. The investigation proceeds along themes such as harmonization, institutional interplay, non-economic values, and international actions. The authors conclude that, during the crisis, the attention of the Barroso Commission focused quite narrowly on the most urgent problems, failing to consider longer-term issues to spark off bold policy endeavours, and break inter-institutional blockages.

A wasted crisis

In the concluding Chapter 12, the editors to this volume, Harri Kalimo and researcher Max S. Jansson, also from the IES (VUB)) add a final layer of analysis on the basis of the area-specific enquiries of the preceding Chapters. The conclusions are framed against the book’s four, interwoven themes: they provide insights on the differences and commonalities in the areas of law in terms of the policy changes and integration, changes in the institutional landscape, the prevalence of non-economic considerations, as well as the international position of the European Union. The analysis reveals that a large part of the achievements of the crisis have indeed been about completing the EMU and the internal market for financial services, where actions were also most urgently needed. Kalimo and Jansson find the differences across the fields of economic law noteworthy, because the core of the crisis has gradually shifted towards the real economy; growth, competitiveness and investments. This calls for the Juncker Commission to focus on public procurement and intellectual property rights, which are essential in supporting progress on all three fronts. Across all the studied fields, Kalimo and Jansson conclude that the means of integration are more and more differentiated, while policy developments are becoming increasingly entangled with constitutional questions.

Assessing economic law under crisis – a framework of analysis

How has the EU’s economic crisis affected the development of economic law in the Union? This book contributes to the debate by examining EU economic law from a contextual and policy-oriented perspective. The expert authors explore areas such as the EMU and the internal market, and emphasize the important fields of public procurement, taxation, and intellectual property rights. The investigation proceeds along themes such as harmonization, institutional interplay, non-economic values, and international actions. The authors conclude that, during the crisis, the attention of the Barroso Commission focused quite narrowly on the most urgent problems, failing to consider longer-term issues to spark off bold policy endeavours, and break inter-institutional blockages.