Harris Simaremare

Security and performance enhancement of AODV routing protocol

A mobile ad hoc networks MANET is a decentralized, self-organizing, infrastructure-less network and adaptive gathering of independent mobile nodes. Because of the unique characteristics of MANET, the major issues to develop a routing protocol in MANET are the security aspect and the network performance. In this paper, we propose a new secure protocol called Trust Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector AODV using trust mechanism. Communication packets are only sent to the trusted neighbor nodes. Trust calculation is based on the behaviors and activities information of each node. It is divided in to trust global TG and trust local TL. TG is a trust calculation based on the total of received routing packets and the total of sending routing packets. TL is a comparison between total received packets and total forwarded packets by neighbor node from specific nodes. Nodes conclude the total trust level of its neighbors by accumulating the TL and TG values. The performance of Trust AODV is evaluated under denial of service/distributed denial of service DOS/DDOS attack using network simulator NS-2. It is compared with the Trust Cross Layer Secure TCLS protocol. Simulation results show that the Trust AODV has a better performance than TCLS protocol in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and overhead. Next, we improve the performance of Trust AODV using ant algorithm. The proposed protocol is called Trust AODV+Ant. The implementation of ant algorithm in the proposed secure protocol is by adding an ant agent to put the positive pheromone in the node if the node is trusted. Ant agent is represented as a routing packet. The pheromone value is saved in the routing table of the node. We modified the original routing table by adding the pheromone value field. The path communication is selected based on the pheromone concentration and the shortest path. Trust AODV+Ant is compared with simple ant routing algorithm SARA, AODV, and Trust AODV under DOS/DDOS attacks in terms of performance. Simulation results show that the packet delivery ratio and throughput of the Trust AODV increase after using ant algorithm. However, in terms of end-to-end delay, there is no significant improvement. Copyright

Secure AODV Routing Protocol Based on Trust Mechanism

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network with high of mobility, no fixed infrastructure and no central administration. These characteristics make MANET more vulnerable to attack. In ad hoc network, active attack i.e. DOS, and blackhole attack can easily occur. These attacks could decrease the performance of the routing protocol. In this chapter, we proposed new trust mechanism that has the ability to detect and prevent the potentials attacks into a wireless ad hoc network especially for Denial of Service (DOS) and blackhole attacks. We have proposed some modifications of AODV routing protocol with implemented a trust level calculation. Our proposed mechanism will detect the attack by calculate local and global trust parameters. When a node is suspected as an attacker, the security mechanism will isolate it from the network before communication established. To perform the trust calculation, each node should get all the activity information from his neighbor. In order to ensure the nodes can hear all the activities of his neighbors, each node will run in promiscuous mode. Simulation has been conducted using NS-2 to evaluate our proposed protocol under dos and blackhole attack. We compare the performance of our proposed protocol with existing secure routing protocol such as TCLS [14], LLSP [16], and RSRP [17]. The simulation result shows that our proposed protocols outperform other secure protocols under DOS and blackhole attack in term of packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and routing overhead. We demonstrate that the proposed protocol improves significantly the performance of secure routing protocol.

Performance analysis of optimized trust AODV using ant algorithm

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network with high of mobility, no fixed infrastructure and no central administration. These characteristics make MANET more vulnerable to attack. In ad hoc network, active attack i.e. DOS, and blackhole attack can easily occur. These attacks could decrease the performance of the routing protocol. We have proposed a new trust mechanism to secure the AODV routing protocol called Trust AODV. In this paper, we improve the performance of our proposed secure protocol by using an ant algorithm. Ant agent put a positive pheromone when the node is trusted. Path communication is chosen based on pheromone value. We evaluate and compare the performance of proposed protocol before and after using ant algorithm under DOS/DDOS attack. The simulation result shows the performance of proposed protocol increases while using ant algorithm in term of packet delivery ratio and throughput. However, in term of end-to-end delay there is no significant effect to the performance.

Performance comparison of modified AODV in reference point group mobility and random waypoint mobility models

A Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is characterized by high mobility, non-infrastructure network, and dynamic topology. This nature make MANET have some constraints such as energy constraints, limited bandwidth, and less memory. Energy consumption becomes an important issue in manet to cover the sustainability of the communication process. We have proposed optimize routing protocol based on AODV routing protocol for hybrid network. We used reverse mechanism to optimize the AODV routing protocol. In this paper, we will analyze the performance of our proposed protocol in term of energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and routing overhead. We evaluate our proposed protocol with NS-2, with some scenario using random waypoint and reference point group mobility model. In the Random Waypoint model (RWP), each node chooses a new destination randomly and then moves towards the destination at a constant speed. In RPGM, it will create some group of nodes. Each group has a logical center that defines the entire groups motion behavior, including location, speed, direction, and acceleration. The simulation result shows that our modified protocol is outperform in random waypoint rather than in rpgm. In term of energy consumption, our protocol achieved lower consumption for random waypoint mobility compare to the reference point group mobility model.

Adding gateway mode for R-AODV routing protocol in hybrid ad hoc network

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), routing protocol plays the most important role. For more than one decade, Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol becomes attention and research focus on MANET widely. A lot of protocols proposed to improve and optimize AODV performance. Yet, many of those do not consider the needs of node accessing Internet via infrastructure network. In this paper, we proposed a new variant of routing protocol AODV by combining two protocols, R-AODV [9] and AODV+ [10], we called it R-AODV+, so it will be able to be implemented in hybrid ad hoc networks. The reason of proposed R-AODV+ protocol to be achieved is the best performance and reliable. Nodes that attain a connection to the Internet will be able to have access with a gateway node support. In this work, we performed a simulation using NS-2 and measured the performance of the proposed protocol by measuring the routing overhead, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. The result of the simulation shows that our proposed protocol outperformed AODV+.

Performance estimation of AODV variant with trust mechanism

Several research effort in recent years has shown its significant interest in the development of security measure in the routing of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been one of the basic protocol that is modified to cope with security demands. This paper present an analytical model to evaluate the performance of AODV variant that is developed to be secure with malicious node detection and trust mechanism. Since the performance of MANET is tightly depends on the underlying topology of the nodes, route establishment may fail due to nodes movement or malicious activity. The analytical model aims to provide the basic performance insight in the form of the route establishment probability of the MANET with and without malicious nodes. The model is important for MANET designer to optimize the connectivity for all nodes.