Harry R. Targ

Children's Developing Orientations To International Politics

1.1. Political socialization research In recent years a revitalized interest in childhood political socialization has been evidenced by several social scientists; some, as with Herbert Hyman, concerning themselves with the processes of individual growth and the development of theory in relation to political behavior, and others, Easton and Hess, Almond and Verba, considering political socialization in the context of stability and incremental change in political systems.l Most socialization studies examine orientations to political objects, such as the President, the Mayor, the Congress, or a more generalized concern for predispositional orientations to liberalism-conservatism, authoritarianism-non-authoritarianism, or DemocratRepublicanism.2 In an effort to develop a more general theory of political socialization and to relate this theory to the maintenance of the political system, Easton and Hess have begun to investigate childhood orientations not just to specified objects in specific predispositional ways but to the political system and its major components, the government, the regime, and the political community.3 Although research on political socialization concerning domestic systems is moving in several directions, political scientists have given only limited attention to political socialization processes

From living wages to family wages

This paper analyzes the rhetoric and policy goals of the living wage movement. While the rhetoric focuses on workers in the context of their families, the wage levels demanded by activists and mandated by laws are almost never adequate to support families with children, especially single‐parent families. We contend the problem is a fundamental, conceptual one: focusing only on setting a single hourly wage obscures the diverse needs of poor families. In this context, the needs of the most marginalized families (single‐parent families) become invisible. However, a “living wage” is recently being conceived more broadly by activists, in terms of wage and non‐wage work supports, and is seen as applying to the working poor more generally. We argue that the current transformation of the idea of a living wage must continue if the movement is to represent all poor workers. We explore implications for the policy agenda of the movement.

Globalization and the North American Worker

This paper examines the impact of the process of globalization on workers and their families in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Globalization is based on the ideology of neoliberalism, which is promoted by the most powerful economic and political actors in the world, and includes the deregulation of financial transactions and the promotion of free trade. Globalization and neoliberalism have brought tremendous profits to transnational corporations (TNCs) and international financial institutions (IFIs), and accelerated the accumulation of wealth to

Globalization and the Cuban RevolutionGlobalization and the Cuban Revolution, by LaraJosé Bell. Translated by BuonoRichard A. Dello. Havana, Cuba: José Martí, 2002. 155 pp. NPL paper. 959-09-0183-2.

focuses very much on the tax side of things and does not pay due attention to the social policy aspects. She could have included independent variables pertaining to the welfare state in her quantitative analysis. There are several variables concerning, for example, the institutions of labor markets, political decision making, or the social and demographic structure, that are established in the literature as causes of diverging welfare state development. Not controlling for such variables in her regression analysis, she fails to establish credibly the independent effect of tax structure on social policy. Whereas this deficiency should not be overstated given that Kato’s emphasis is on qualitative analysis, the case studies unfortunately suffer from the same problem. They largely disregard the politics surrounding welfare state reform, and focus almost exclusively on the politics of VAT introduction. Lacking a detailed analysis of the manifold efforts at welfare state reform in all industrialized democracies in the 1980s and 1990s, the alleged link between tax and social policy cannot convincingly be established. Consequently a significant part of the author’s argument is not subjected to a test. Despite this shortcoming the book is recommended to students of tax and welfare state policies because it contains good comparative analysis of tax policy and offers an interesting perspective on its relation to welfare state development. It thus opens up a new field of investigation.

Perspectives on World Order: A Review

This essay seeks to clarify the boundaries and characterize the content of world-order studies with a view to bringing some much-needed conceptual, analytical, and historical clarity and order to the subject. The authors trace the evolution of all the three major perspectives on world order, lay bare the basic premises and summarize the main conclusions of each, and round off with a critique.

A Mentor's Mentor: Remembering Harold Guetzkow

This article describes the important ways in which Harold Guetzkow mentored his student, helping him to develop conceptual and methodological skills and to become a rigorous thinker. While the path was sometimes difficult and stressful, the intellectual skills transmitted from Harold Guetzkow were vital to the teaching and research skills of his student.

Peace Profile: Paul Robeson and Anne Braden

Biographies can tell us about ourselves, where we came from, and where we might go. I recently read two narratives of the lives of extraordinary people and their times. I think their lives and politics are relevant to us today. The Undiscovered Paul Robeson: Quest for Freedom, 1939–1976, by Paul Robeson Jr., chronicles the years of struggle in the life of the theatrical performer, singer, linguist, and fighter for human freedom. Subversive Southerner: Anne Braden and the Struggle for Racial Justice in the Cold War South, by Catherine Fosl, tells the story of a militant Southern woman who rejected the political culture of her day to fight for the liberation of African Americans, always insisting that Southern whites had to play a significant role in that struggle.