Hartmut Keller

The German part in European research programmes PROMETHEUS and Drive/att

The Research + Development (R + D) Programmes and support the design, test, and evaluation of transport information and control systems as a means to improve traffic safety, maximize transport efficiency, and contribute to environmental improvements in Europe. These programmes were started in 1987 and are at present in the stage of field trials for the designed control systems in metropolitan areas and in European transport corridors. The results of these activities as part of the Advanced Transport Telematics Programme ( II) and of Phase III of will build a basis for the decision makers for a European-wide standardization and system introduction. Links are being established between these European R + D Programmes and the Intelligent Highway Vehicle System () programme in the United States and those in Japan.

Optimierung des Schülerverkehrs durch gemischt ganzzahlige Programmierung

ZusammenfassungDie Bestimmung der optimalen Route eines Schulbusses im Wegenetz des Einzugsbereiches einer Schule wird als gemischt ganzzahliges Optimierungsproblem formuliert. Es wird ein detaillierter Ansatz gewählt, bei dem Fahrt- und Wartezeiten sowie Anmarschzeiten berücksichtigt werden. Die Zielfunktion wird aus der Sicht der Schüler, der Gemeinde und des Busunternehmens jeweils unterschiedlich formuliert. Das Modell wird auf den Schülerverkehr in einer kleinen Gemeinde angewandt. Die numerischen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die einzelnen Zielfunktionen zueinander im Widerspruch stehen und die optimale Lösung von deren Gewichtung, ebenso wie vom Startpunkt der Route und der Zahl der Schüler stark beeinflußt wird. Das betrachtete Beispiel demonstriert, daß bei der praktischen Entwicklung der Busroute im wesentlichen Busfahrtzeit und -kilometerleistung minimiert werden, während, abgesehen von einer günstigen Wahl der Haltestellen, eine Minimierung der Schülerfahrtzeiten und Sicherheitsrisiken offenbar nicht vorliegt.SummaryThe determination of the optimal route of a school bus in the network around a school is formulated as a mixed integer problem. A detailed approach is used, including travel, waiting and access time of the students. Different objective functions were stated considering the aspects of the students, the community and the bus agency. The numerical results give different results for the analyzed objective functions and show that the optimal solution is highly influenced by the weights assigned to the goals, the starting point of the route and the number of students at the stations. The analyzed example demonstrates, that the development of the bus route in actual use minimizes mainly total bus travel time and total bus kilometers, while except for a favourable choice of the bus stations there exists no minimization of student travel times and safety risks.

Concept of cooperative transport management for the greater Munich area

Transport problems in metropolitan areas, like the Greater Munich Area, can no more be solved via a demand oriented extension of the road network. The general objectives can best be met by an integrated approach of all modes of transport based on the cooperation of the partners involved. The paper reports on the genetic design of a Cooperative Transport Management based the application of advanced transport control systems and a more detailed approach proposed for the Northern Sector the Greater Munich Area. A demonstration field is planned for testing integrated transport control systems in a real metropolitan environment and of system introduction of advanced communication and control technologies at sites which require immediate relief of existing transport problems.

The LLAMD Euro-Project: integrated field trials

The LLAMD Euro-Project (London, Lyon, Amsterdam, Munich and Dublin, with MARGOT) is a single project involving five major cities, encompassing linked field trials in a coordinated programme of research and development. The goal of the project has been to develop and demonstrate aspects of the integration of ATT systems within an integrated road transport environment (IRTE), based on the field trials in the five cities. One common theme of LLAMD is Advanced Travel Information Systems (ATIS). Each of the cities includes the development of one or more aspects of ATIS in its workplan. A second major theme is the development and implementation of systems for public transport, parking and park-and-ride information. Other key elements of the project include advanced traffic control, both urban and regional, and road safety aspects. The focus of the many ATT applications within the LLAMD group is the work on integration of applications into a single transport environment. This paper presents preliminary results of the field trials conducted in the LLAMD Euro-Project and discusses the potential for further development.<<ETX>>

An Integrated Method of Demand Responsive and Traffic Actuated Signal Control

This paper describes the concept of a signal control method that is developed and will be field tested in the context of the CEC-ATT LLAMD research projects. The method combines the advantages of traditional traffic actuated control and sophisticated demand responsive control in an integrated method