Hartmut Schurig

THE PGK-TIM FUSION PROTEIN FROM THERMOTOGA MARITIMA AND ITS CONSTITUENT PARTS ARE INTRINSICALLY STABLE AND FOLD INDEPENDENTLY

In the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima, the two glycolytic enzymes phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) are covalently connected forming a tetrameric single-chain PGK-TIM fusion protein. A frameshift allows the translation of PGK alone, whereas TIM activity exclusively resides in the fusion protein (Schurig et al., 1995). Cloning the pgk-tim gene from Thermotoga maritima in Escherichia coli, yields monomeric PGK and tetrameric PGK-TIM fusion protein as authentic recombinant proteins (Beaucamp et al., 1995). Both exhibit high intrinsic stability. The thermal transitions at approximately 80 degrees C are irreversible, rendering determination of thermodynamic data impossible. The half-concentrations, (cGdmCl)1/2, of the guanidinium-chloride induced unfolding transitions are 3.0 and 3.9 M GdmCl for PGK and the PGK-TIM fusion protein, respectively. Monitoring denaturation by activity, fluorescence emission and circular dichroism, deactivation and unfolding of the two-domain PGK is found to precede the transitions of the TIM domain. With increasing temperature, (cGdmCl)1/2 is shifted to lower denaturant concentrations; at the same time, the transitions change from bimodal to unimodal. As indicated by the incomplete reversibility of the deactivation/unfolding/dissociation transitions, misfolding, as well as wrong domain interactions seem to interfere with the correct folding and association of the bienzyme complex.

Local variability of the phosphoglycerate kinase-triosephosphate isomerase fusion protein from Thermotoga maritima MSB 8.

Abstract The pgktpi gene locus of Thermotoga maritima encodes both phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and a bienzyme complex consisting of a fusion protein of PGK with triosephosphate isomerase (TIM). No separate tpi gene for TIM is present in T. maritima. A frameshift at the end of the pgk gene has been previously proposed as a mechanism to regulate the expression of the two protein variants [Schurig et al., EMBO J. 14 (1995), 442 451]. Surprisingly, the complete T. maritima genome was found to contain a pgktpi sequence not requiring the proposed frameshift mechanism. To clarify the apparent discrepancy, a variety of DNA sequencing techniques were applied, disclosing an anomalous local variability in the pgktpi fusion region. The comparison of different DNA samples and the mass spectrometric analysis of the amino acid sequence of the natural fusion protein from T. maritima MSB8 confirmed the local variability of the DNA variants. Since not all peptide masses could be assigned, further variations are conceivable, suggesting an even higher heterogeneity of the T. maritima MSB8 strain.