Hasan Ferdi Gerçel

The production and evaluation of bio-oils from the pyrolysis of sunflower-oil cake

Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)-oil cake pyrolysis experiments were achieved in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. The effects of nitrogen flow rate and final pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis product yields and chemical compositions have been investigated. The maximum bio-oil yield of was obtained in nitrogen atmosphere with nitrogen flow rate of and at a pyrolysis temperature of 550°C with a heating rate of . Chromatographic and spectroscopic studies on the pyrolytic oil showed that the oil obtained from sunflower-oil cake can be used as a renewable fuel and chemical feedstocks.

Production and characterization of pyrolysis liquids from sunflower-pressed bagasse.

Pyrolysis experiments on sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)-pressed bagasse were performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. The effects of nitrogen flow rate and final pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis product yields and chemical compositions were investigated. The maximum bio-oil yield of 52.10 wt.% was obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere with flow rate of 50 ml min(-1) and at a pyrolysis temperature of 550 degrees C with a heating rate of 5 degrees C s(-1). The chemical characterization results showed that the oil obtained from sunflower-pressed bagasse may be a potentially valuable source as fuel or chemical feedstocks.

The Effect of a Sweeping Gas Flow Rate on the Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Sunflower ( Helianthus annus L. )-pressed bagasse pyrolysis experiments were performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. The effects of nitrogen flow rate and final pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis product yields and chemical compositions have been investigated. The maximum bio-oil yield of 46.62 wt% was obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere with a nitrogen flow rate of 25 cm 3 min -1 and at a pyrolysis temperature of 550°C with a heating rate of 300°C min -1 . The chemical characterization showed that the oil obtained from sunflower-pressed bagasse may be potentially valuable as fuel and chemical feedstocks.

Bio-oil Production from an Oilseed By-product: Fixed-bed Pyrolysis of Olive Cake

Abstract A study of pyrolysis of olive cake at the temperature range from 400°C to 700°C has been carried out. The experiments were performed in a laboratory scale tubular reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. The yields of derived gases, liquids, and char were determined in relation to pyrolysis temperature and sweeping gas flow rates, at heating rates of about 300°C min−1. As the pyrolysis temperature was increased, the percentage mass of char decreased whilst gas product increased. The oil products increased to a maximum value of ∼39.4 wt% of dry ash free biomass at a pyrolysis temperature of about 550°C in a nitrogen atmosphere with flow rate of 100 mL min−1 and with a heating rate of 300°C min−1. Results showed that the bio-oil obtained under the optimum conditions is a useful substitute for fossil fuels or chemicals.

Hydropyrolysis of Extracted Euphorbia rigida in a Well-Swept Fixed-Bed Tubular Reactor

Tubular reactor fixed-bed hydropyrolysis experiments have been conducted on a sample of extracted Euphorbia rigida to determine the possibility of being a potential source of renewable fuels and chemical feedstock. The effects of hydropyrolysis temperature and heating rate on the hydropyrolysis yields and chemical compositions have been investigated. The maximum bio-oil yield of 39.8 wt% was obtained in H 2 atmosphere at a hydrogen pressure of 150 bar, a hydrogen flow rate of 5 dm 3 min -1 , a hydropyrolysis temperature of 550°C, and a heating rate of 100°C min -1 . Then this bio-oil was characterized by elemental analysis and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques.

Production and Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Euphorbia Macroclada

In this work, Euphorbia macroclada were pyrolyzed in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. The influence of final pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and pyrolysis atmosphere on the product yields was investigated. Pyrolysis runs were performed using reactor temperatures ranging between 400 and 700°C with heating rates of 7 and 40°C/min. The highest liquid yield was obtained at 550°C pyrolysis temperature with a heating rate of 7°C/min. The results from the pyrolysis of Euphorbia macroclada showed that the clear increments of the pyrolysis conversion in the temperature interval 500 to 550°C are due to the rapid devolatilization of cellulose and hemicelluloses.

Fast Pyrolysis of Sunflower-Pressed Bagasse: Effects of Sweeping Gas Flow Rate

Sunflower ( Helianthus annus L. )-pressed bagasse pyrolysis experiments were performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. The effects of nitrogen flow rate and final pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis product yields and chemical compositions have been investigated. The maximum bio-oil yield of 52.85 wt% was obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere and a nitrogen flow rate of 50 cm 3 min -1 and at a pyrolysis temperature of 550°C and heating rate of 5°C s -1 . The chemical characterization has shown that the oil obtained from sunflower-pressed bagasse may be potentially valuable as fuel and chemical feedstocks.

Energy Applications of Biomass: Pyrolysis of Apricot Stone

Apricot stone (Prunus armeniaca L.) was pyrolyzed in a directly heated fixed-bed reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. Effects of sweeping gas flow rates and pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis of the biomass were also studied. Pyrolysis runs were performed using reactor temperatures between 400°C and 700°C with heating rate of about 300°C min−1. As the pyrolysis temperature was increased, the percentage mass of char decreased while gas product increased. The product yields were significantly influenced by the process conditions. The bio-oil obtained at 550°C, at which the liquid product yield was maximum, was analyzed. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In addition, the solid and liquid products were analyzed to determine their elemental composition and calorific value. Chemical fractionation of bio-oil showed that only low quantities of hydrocarbons were present, while oxygenated and polar fractions dominated.

The Effects of Different Catalysts on the Pyrolysis of Thistle, Onopordum Acanthium L.

Fixed-bed fast pyrolysis experiments have been conducted on a sample of thistle, Onopordum Acanthium L. The experiments were performed in a fixed-bed tubular pyrolysis reactor to investigate the effects of sweeping gas flow rate and types of catalysts on the pyrolysis product yields. The optimal sweeping gas flow rate is 100 cm3 min−1. In order to increase the oil yield, biomass pyrolysis experiments were performed in a fixed bed reactor with two selected catalysts, namely sepiolite and clinoptilolite. All experiments were conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 300°C min−1, pyrolysis temperature of 550°C, and mean particle size of +0.6–0.85 mm. In the experiments, all the catalysts were used with various percentages, and the effects of the variable catalysts on the yields and chemical composition of the oils obtained were investigated. Oil yield reached 29.5% with the use of sepiolite and 32.1% with clinoptilolite, while it was only 18.9% without a catalyst. Chromatographic and spectroscopic studies on the pyrolytic oil showed that the oil obtained from thistle could be used as a renewable fuel and chemical feedstock.

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance of a Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Benzimidazole) Copolymer Membrane

Disodium-3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (SDCDPS) and 5,5′-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole] (HPBI) monomers were synthesized. Binding these monomers via nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation reaction, a sulfonated poly(arylene ether benzimidazole) copolymer was synthesized. Structures of monomers and copolymer were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses. Proton exchange membrane was prepared by dissolving copolymer in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and casting onto a glass plate. Copolymer membrane was doped with sulfuric acid to ensure proton exchange character. Single cell performance of the copolymer membrane was tested in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell test station. The highest power density of the membrane was measured as 23.7 mW cm−2 at 80°C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that as the degree of disulfonation is increased thermal stability of the copolymer is increased.