Hasan Kaplan

Insulation properties of bricks made with cotton and textile ash wastes

Abstract Huge amounts of cotton and textile ash waste are disposed of by countries all over the world. The majority of cotton wastes and textile ash wastes is expelled in such a way as to cause serious environmental problems. The present study involves experimental research investigating the potential use of cotton and textile ash wastes combination for producing a new and lightweight composite building material with good insulation properties. The results showed that the cotton and textile ash waste bricks fulfill the compressive strength and heat conductivity requirements of the ASTM and Turkish Standards. A cotton and textile ash waste brick house has been found to be superior to a concrete brick house for regulating indoor temperatures. The production process can be easily applied in conventional brick plants. The product is a light weight composite which can be used for making bricks and wall and ceiling panels with good insulation properties.

The use of fly ash and basaltic pumice as additives in the productionof clay fired brick in Turkey

Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate the suitability of fly ash and basaltic pumice as additives in the production of high quality clay fired bricks. Clay bricks with/without additives were produced adding equal amounts of fly ash and basaltic pumice, separately and together, with the rates of 5, 10 and 20 wt.%. Each sample was fired at 700, 900 and 1 050°C for 8 h. Bulk density, harmful magnesia and lime, shrinkage, water absorption, compressive and flexural strength, freezing and thawing tests were carried out. The test results were compared with the standard values and they were found to be satisfactory. Finally, it was concluded that both fly ash and basaltic pumice were suitable admixtures and could be used efficiently in fired brick production.

Microstructure of red brick dust and ground basaltic pumice blended cement mortars exposed to magnesium sulphate solutions

This paper presents a laboratory study on the deterioration of blended cement combinations of plain Portland cement (PPC) with red brick dust (RBD) and ground basaltic pumice (GBP). The compressive...

Experimental study on behavior of anchored external shear wall panel connections

Abstract Strengthening of the structures with external shear walls recently has become an attractive alternative compared to conventional strengthening methods. These external shear walls can be erected either cast-in-place or by pre-casting. However, cast-in-place construction is difficult and time consuming especially in multistory buildings. On the other hand, a single precast panel is too heavy for transportation and assembly. These difficulties might be overcome by producing precast panels as multi-piece panels. However, in that case, behavior of connections between panels will be important as it could control the failure mode of the shear wall. For this reason, this study is aimed at testing the behavior of different types of precast panel connections. Within this study, one monolithic reference model and two precast panel models having anchored connection details were produced. The behavior of connections was tested under reversed-cyclic lateral loads. The results showed that ductility of the models with connections are significantly lower than monolithic specimen. Although, each panel has good RC detailing with proper confinement and concrete quality, connections are the governing elements that control the behavior. Cracking was only observed at the connection, and there were no proper plastic hinge formations at the panels. Therefore, it was concluded that anchored connections cannot be designed for high ductility levels. Some suggestions are made regarding the area of use of anchored connections in precast panels.

Seismic Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Buildings

Many buildings have either collapsed or experienced different levels of damage during past earthquakes. Several investigations have been carried out on buildings that were damaged by earthquakes. Low-quality concrete, poor confinement of the end regions, weak column-strong beam behavior, short column behavior, inadequate splice lengths and improper hooks of the stirrups were some of the important structural deficiencies (Yakut et al., 2005). Most of those buildings were constructed before the introduction of modern building codes. They usually cannot provide the required ductility, lateral stiffness and strength, which are definitely lower than the limits imposed by the modern building codes (Kaplan et al., 2011). Due to low lateral stiffness and strength, vulnerable structures are subjected to large displacement demands, which cannot be met adequately as they have low ductility. One of the first known examples of strengthening is the strengthening of Hagia Sophia by Sinan the Architect in 1573. With an insight casting light on the modern era, Sinan built buttress type shear walls around the mosque in order to reduce horizontal displacements of the building. When looked at the scientific studies that were carried out on this field, it is seen a research process started in 1950s (Whitney et al., 1955). In those years, infill wall tests which had started to be performed on single storey reinforced concrete frames continued with several structural types and strengthening methods. Deficiencies that emerge in reinforced concrete buildings in terms of stiffness, strength, ductility and redundancy led to studies intended to strengthen buildings against earthquakes. The strengthening methods used today are intended to improve one or some of the behavioral characteristics of buildings listed above. Methods for the strengthening of buildings may basically be categorized into two main groups: System based strengthening and member based strengthening (Moehle, 2000). In the system based strengthening methods, a structural system is modified by adding members such as reinforced concrete shear walls, mainly improving the strength and stiffness characteristics of the system (Jirsa & Kreger, 1989; Albanesi et al., 2006). As to the member based strengthening methods, it is aimed at ensuring an improvement in the ductility of a system by means of enhancements made to those members with inadequate capacity or ductility. In these methods, it can be considered that there are no significant changes occurring in strength and stiffness characteristics of the load-bearing system.

B.A. BOŞLlJKLU PERDELERDE ÜST KAT BAG KİRİŞİ YÜKSEKLiGİNİN SİSTEM DA VRANIŞINA ETKİSİNİN DENEYSEL ARAŞTIRILMASI

Bu c a lismad a depreme karsi guvenligin artinlniasinda etkili olan betonarme bosluklu perde duvar sistemlerinde, yatay yukler altinda perde J uvar- bag ki ri si ar asindaki etkilesim ve ust kat bag kirisi yuksekliginin sistemin yatay yuk tasima Jr�pasitesine olan etkisi arastirilmistir. Calisinada 3 t<ath , bag kirisleri ile baglanmis bosluklu bir betonarmc perd e tasiyici eleman 1/5 olceginde kucultuler�k mode ll enmis t ir . Modellernede en ust kat bag l,.irisi y u i<SekJ i gi D=lO, 20 ve 30 cm olarak alinimstir. Alt kat1.ardaki bag kiri s i yukseklikleri butun inodellerde sabit tutulmus ve 10 cm olarak alinmistir. Her ti p icin 3 tane olmak uzere t oplam 9 adet deney numunesi ha zi rl annust ir. Hazirlanan bu niodeller yatay yuk etkisi altinda test e dil mis tir . Elde edilen deney bulgulari yorumlanmis t i r