Hasem H. Darwish

Perforation of the inferior alveolar nerve by the maxillary artery: An anatomical study

The infratemporal fossa is a clinically important anatomical area for the delivery of local anaesthetic agents in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. We studied the infratemporal fossas in white cadavers, and in particular the topographical relations of the inferior alveolar nerve and the maxillary artery. In 3 of the 50 fossas dissected the maxillary artery passed through the inferior alveolar nerve, splitting it into superficial and deep divisions. Entrapment of the maxillary artery may cause numbness or headache and may interfere with injection of local anaesthetics into the infratemporal fossa.

Accessory levator muscle of the upper eyelid: Case report and review of the literature

The authors describe a supernumerary muscle in each orbit of an elderly male subject. There appear to be no previous reports of this muscle; most reports of anomalies of extraocular muscles describe hypoplasia or aplasia. Thirty‐five formalin‐fixed cadavers assigned to medical students for dissection were studied. The orbits were dissected by a superior approach which involved removal of the orbital plate of the frontal bone and the superior orbital margin. A supernumerary extraocular muscle was seen in each orbit of one cadaver, located between the superior oblique and levator palpebrae superioris muscles. It originated on the inferior surface of the lesser wing of sphenoid bone and was inserted into the skin of the medial one‐third of the upper eyelid. It was innervated by a branch from the superior division of the oculomotor nerve. The insertion of the muscle into the upper eyelid produced a crease running obliquely upwards and medially, from the junction of the medial one‐third and lateral two‐thirds of the lid margin, towards the medial part of the superior orbital fold. The authors suggest the name levator palpebrae superioris accessorius for this muscle in view of its topography and action as tested in the cadaver. The significance of the findings is discussed and the literature on the development of the muscles supplied by the oculomotor nerve is reviewed. Clin. Anat. 11:410–416, 1998.

Multiple Arterial Variations in the Right Upper Limb of a Caucasian Male Cadaver

En numerosos estudios se han descrito las variaciones anatomicas de los patrones arteriales en el miembro superior, sin embargo, la aparicion de cuatro variantes ipsilaterales en un miembro superior es poco frecuente. Estas variaciones arteriales fueron observadas en el miembro superior derecho de un cadaver caucasico masculino de 65 anos de edad, durante la diseccion de rutina en el Departamento de Anatomia de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de King Saud, en Riad. Estas variaciones arteriales incluyen: 1) un gran tronco comun de la arteria axilar dando origen a las arterias subescapular, braquial profunda, braquial comun y colateral ulnar superior; 2) la arteria braquial superficial; 3) la arteria braquioulnar superficial y 4) la rama radial del indice desde el arco palmar superficial. La observacion de variaciones en los vasos del miembro superior es importante debido al numero cada vez mayor de procedimientos diagnosticos y terapeuticos, como en la cirugia del cancer de mama, la recoleccion de colgajos y arteriografias.