Hassan Al Nageim

Mechanical Properties of an Upgrading Cold-Mix Asphalt Using Waste Materials

AbstractConsiderable advantages could be achieved if the cold bituminous emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) show comparable engineering properties to hot-mix asphalt (HMA), particularly because CBEMs require no heat within the manufacture and laying process. As a result, such pavement produces less environmental impact, is more cost effective, and requires less energy consumption. This paper focuses on upgrading the CBEMs to a stage whereby their mechanical properties are comparable to traditional HMA. Waste or by-product materials were used within the CBEMs to improve the mechanical properties, namely indirect tensile stiffness modulus and creep stiffness. Five percentages from 0 to 5.5% of aggregate mass in the mixture of the LJMU-FA1 that is waste or by-product material was incorporated in the CBEMs. The results have illustrated a comparative enhancement in the mechanical properties of the new cold mixtures attributable to the use of the specific waste materials. Thus, new CBEMs having superior mechanical prope...

Development of Sustainable Cold Rolled Surface Course Asphalt Mixtures Using Waste Fly Ash and Silica Fume

AbstractThe reduction of hot asphalt mixtures for the usage and development of sustainable supplementary cold asphalt mixtures (CAMs) for the construction of road and highway surface layers is a major issue for researchers around the world. This reduction will benefit environmental impact, cost effectiveness, and energy savings. Furthermore, because CAMs comprise a remarkable portion of industrial waste (the disposal of which consumes virgin lands), they are attractive to road and highway authorities. The primary aim of this investigation is to develop new cold rolled asphalt (CRA) with the same gradation as hot rolled asphalt (HRA), which is usually used as a surface course in the U.K., and to improve its mechanical properties and durability by using waste and by-product materials as mineral fillers and additives. Waste fly ash (WFA) was used as a replacement for conventional mineral filler and a by-product silica fume (SF) was used as an additive to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of CR...

Laboratory studies to investigate the properties of novel cold-rolled asphalt containing cement and waste bottom ash

Cold bitumen emulsion mixtures provide valuable advantages over hot mixture asphalt in terms of economic and environmental points of view. The total energy required for mixing, transportation and laying such mixtures is less compared with the traditional hot mixtures. These laboratory studies describe the results of a new developed cold-rolled asphalt (CRA) to be comparable with the traditional hot-rolled asphalt through the addition of waste bottom ash (WBA) to the CRA containing cement as the mineral filler. The mechanical properties were assessed by stiffness modulus and uniaxial creep tests, while water sensitivity was inspected by evaluating the stiffness modulus ratio before and after samples conditioning. The experimental results have shown a significant improvement in the mechanical properties and a substantial upgrading of material resistance to water sensitivity from the addition of WBA to the cold asphalt containing cement.

Mechanical Behavior of a New Base Material Containing High Volumes of Limestone Waste Dust, PFA, and APC Residues

AbstractThe results of research are reported in this work that evaluated the benefits of the stabilization of Type 1 subbase material to which had been added a high volume of limestone quarry waste dust. There is extensive interest in introducing large volumes of quarry waste dusts to the Type 1 subbase that is used in the construction of the vast majority of foundations for roads and other pavements in the United Kingdom. Previous experience has indicated that replacement of 10–30% of Type 1 subbase with limestone quarry waste dust made the mixture inadequate for pavement foundation purposes. When pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and lime were added to these materials, the new mixture improved to a level that made the materials suitable for use as subbase in pavements. However, lime was still a costly industrial product and a major CO2 emitter. The replacement of lime with another capable PFA activator of waste or recycled origin was sought. After examining several potential wastes, it was found that air pollut...

Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Gap Graded Cold Asphalt Containing Cement Utilising By-Product Material

The little stiffness modulus, high voidage and long curing time has limited the use of CBEMs (cold bituminous emulsion mixtures) in road and highways to pavement experiencing low traffic. The aim of this study is to improve the properties of gap graded CRA (cold rolled asphalt) containing OPC (ordinary portland cement) as filler by addition of a by-product material as an activator. OPC was added to the CRA as a replacement to the conventional mineral filler (0%-100%), while LJMUA (Liverpool John Moores University Activator) was added as an additive in the range from 0%-3% by total mass of aggregate. Laboratory tests included stiffness modulus and uniaxial creep test to assess the mechanical properties. The results have shown a considerable improvement in the mechanical properties from the addition of LJMUA to the CRA containing OPC especially for the early life stiffness modulus that is the main disadvantage of the cold mixtures.

Performance Analysis of a Cold Asphalt Concrete Binder Course Containing High-Calcium Fly Ash Utilizing Waste Material

It has been established that cold bituminous emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) have a comparatively low initial strength in comparison to hot mix asphalt (HMA), however its superior performance with regard to carbon emissions, is a significant driver regarding its manufacture. In this research, high calcium fly ash (HCFA) together with a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC) - a rich silica-alumina waste material - have been incorporated to develop a new cold asphalt concrete binder course (CACB) bituminous emulsion mixture. HCFA was used as a substitute for traditional limestone filler while FCC was the additive used to activate the HCFA. The mixtures’ performance was assessed using the indirect tensile stiffness modulus test (ITSM), assessment of resistance against permanent deformation, temperature and water sensitivity tests. Surface morphology was tested using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A considerable improvement was identified by the ITSM test in addition to a substantial enhancement in rutting resistance, temperature susceptibility and water sensitivity. It was also established that the addition of FCC to CACB mixtures was found to improve early strength as well as long-term strength, rutting resistance, temperature sensitivity and durability.

Laboratory Studies to Examine the Properties of a Novel Cold-Asphalt Concrete Binder Course Mixture Containing Binary Blended Cementitious Filler

AbstractConventional hot-asphalt mixtures have an impact on global warming and CO2 emissions, contributing to debates on environmental issues that have been raised in recent years. As an alternativ...

Comparison of neural network and binary logistic regression methods in conceptual design of tall steel buildings

Purpose – To investigate the feasibility of using artificial neural networks for conceptual design of bracings systems for tall steel buildings.Design/methodology/approach – Database of 234 design examples has been developed using commercially available detailed design software. These examples represent building up to 20 storeys. Feed forward back‐propagation neural network is trained on these examples. The results obtained from the artificial neural network are evaluated by re‐substitution, hold‐out and ten‐fold cross‐validation techniques.Findings – Results indicate that artificial neural network would give a performance of 97.91 percent (ten‐fold cross‐validation). The performance of this system is benchmarked by developing a binary logistic regression model from the same data. Performance of the two models has been compared using McNemars test and receiver operation characteristics curves. Artificial neural network shows a better performance. The difference is found to be statically significant.Resea...

Improving Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures Properties Containing Cementitious Filler by Adding GGBS

AbstractProduction and use of sustainable cold asphalt emulsion mixtures (CAEMs) that are comparable to traditional hot mixtures and relevant for roads and highway construction might achieve severa...

Indirect Tensile Stiffness and Permanent Deformation of Microwave Treated Cold Bituminous Emulsion Mixtures (CBEMS) Containing Cementitious Activated Waste Fly Ash

The mechanical properties in terms of indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) properties and permanent deformation of CBEMs containing new cementitious materials made from activated blend of waste fly ash and inert Limestone filler were investigated. CBEMs were prepared with these fillers, and then these mixtures were subjected to microwave treatment at four treatment time and high power level. The aim was to identify the influence of microwave treatment on the mechanical properties and identify the microwave suitable application time ranges.