Hawati Janor

Market Risk and Bank Specific Determinants of Commercial Banks in Malaysia

Market risk is one of the important risks in banking system. With a myriad number of products, market risk happens when change in net asset value due to changes in equity, commodity prices and exchange rate. This paper is an attempt to identify the factors that determine market risk in bank and to compare that risk determinants between conventional and Islamic banking systems in Malaysia. The unique duality banking system in Malaysia, namely the conventional and Islamic banking system would provide comprehensive determinants of market risk in banking sector. The dataset is constructed from 21 conventional banks and 16 Islamic banks with the year of observation within 2008-2014. Total loan/ financing, loan loss provision, total equity, GAP, interest expenses, short term investment, size, non- interest income and management efficiency are factors that were used in this study. Employing panel data analysis, the result revealed that GAP has strong relationship with market risk. Our findings are not only significant to both bank managers as well as investors, since they the findings will enable them to fully assess the effects of different strategic choices on a bank’s risk profile but also contributing in terms of enriching and enhancing literature on market risk management of Islamic and conventional banks. Establishment of a comprehensive market risk management system in both banking system should be a prerequisite as it contributes to overall risk management system of the bank.

A Qualitative Content Analysis of e-Strategies for Research, Innovation and Commercialization: A Case of Global Bodies, Malaysian Ministries and Research University

Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (R, I & C) are now widely accepted as critical tools to improve economy, eradicate poverty, and enhance human development. However, in a developing country like Malaysia, commercialization effort to date is quite modest with low number of patents and low number of research and innovation output from Malaysian universities on a national and international scale. Nowadays, communication and information are transmitted through Internet resources which act as marketing tools for research, innovation, and commercialization to the global community. Recognizing these potentials, electronic strategies (e-strategies) encompassing R, I & C are on the rise across Asia. This chapter aims to analyze the trend of e-strategies in R, I & C of the global bodies, Malaysian Ministries and research university in Malaysia using a qualitative content analysis. The framework is based on the extant literature and consists of the dynamic cycle of Web resources namely the Web content, interactivity, navigation links, design infrastructures, assessment, and continuous quality improvement (CQI). While the WIPO embraces and blends well with the potential advantages of e-strategies, the Scopus lacks few features about the organization and international networking, assessment, and CQI. The Ministries and the university are yet to adequately reflect truly comprehensive and integrated strategies for harnessing and exploiting these potentials in order to gear for internationalization and collaboration across countries.

An Empirical Study on Pricing Methods Adopted by SMEs with Different Ownership Structure

Identifying the optimal price for a new product is a critical step in the innovation process and correcting the price of an existing product is a necessary component of a successful enterprise. With the wide range of pricing research techniques practiced in the SME Sector, it is not always clear which technique best addresses the business issue at hand. This article analyzes the most common methods used for consumer goods pricing research and offers guidelines on the best methods presently implemented in the SME sector in India. This article helps describe how pricing methods can best be used to address particular pricing issues based on the level of competition needed to be considered and the depth of pricing knowledge needed. It leads to the conclusive remarks that how pricing methods are diversified for different business organizations in their own way compatible to the peculiar objective of an organization.