Hazilah Mad Kaidi

IR-HARQ scheme on Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation

This paper proposes an error control mechanism for data transmission defined as simple Hybrid Automatic Repeat-reQuest (ARQ) utilizing Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM). The study investigates the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of wireless communications using high rate Hybrid ARQ enabled by the proposed Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Decoding (BICM-ID) option. The Incremental Redundancy Hybrid ARQ (IR-HARQ) technique generates the same frame during retransmission and the frame is discarded with limited retransmissions. This study investigates the BER performance of different techniques which are combination of BICM-HARQ without iterative decoding, the independent BICM and BICM-ID in half rate recursive systematic code. The system with HARQ scheme shows good improvement compared to independent case.

Performance analysis of hybrid ARQ based on convolutional code

This paper proposes a FEC/ARQ integration in retransmission protocol which is an error control scheme investigation based on a convolutional code for data transmission. The integration is known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ). The analysis of the throughput and bit-error rate (BER) performance, according to the different constraint lengths and code rate of convolutional codes on HARQ simulation scheme are presented. A capability of error correction is certainly provided in every (re)transmitted data, and from every transmission or retransmission, the information can be recovered alone if the error correction scheme still capable to correct. In our analysis, the maximum number of retransmissions in HARQ is limited to three. Then, we analyze the impact of average SNR on the throughput. The performance is compared between using HARQ scheme and previous result of FEC scheme only. The simulation is implemented in MATLAB application software environment.

PAPR Reduction Techniques in Generalized Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform Non-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing System

With the rapid growth of communications via the Internet, the need for an effective firewall system which has not badly affect the overall network performances has been increased. In this paper, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) -based firewall system with high performance has been implemented using Network FPGA (NetFPGA) with Xilinx Kintex-7 XC7K325T FPGA. Based on NetFPGA reference router project, a NetFPGA-based firewall system was implemented. The hardware module performs rule matching operation using content addressable memory (CAM) for higher speed data processing. To evaluate system performance, throughput, latency, and memory utilization were measured for different cases using different tools, also the number of rules that an incoming packet is subjected to was varied to get more readings using both software and hardware features. The results showed that the designed firewall system provides better performance than traditional firewalls. System throughput was doubled times of the one with Linux-Iptables firewalls.

Recognition of body segment based on human electromagnetic radiation analysis

The human body is shown have their own radiation, which emits at certain frequencies into space on their surrounding body. This study proposes an approach for recognition of human body segments based on electromagnetic radiation of human body. Four human body segments are considered called as Upper body, Torso, Arm and Lower Body. A-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier is employed as pattern recognition technique to classify the human body segments and the performance of the classifier is evaluated using receiving operating characteristic (ROC). The results show that the proposed technique properly classifies the body segments with 93.75% accuracy. Experimental results recommend that the proposed technique is appropriate and capable to classify body segments using frequency analysis of human electromagnetic radiation.

EEG features extraction and k-NN classification during eyes closed

The aim of this study was to determine the number of EEG behaviours existed during eyes closed. The EEG signals before and after stress test were selected and computed into the EEG features known as asymmetry index (AsI). In order to determine the number EEG behaviours, the cluster centers of the EEG features were tested using subtractive clustering (SC). The maximum number of three clusters centers was identified and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) was employed to segregate the data features into similar group. In order to test which clusters number gives highest classification, the FCM was executed separately for three clusters and two clusters. Subsequently, the k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) was used to classify the three clusters and two clusters and the classification rates were compared. The classification results showed that the number of two clusters give higher classification rate which was 100%.

Low complexity technique exploiting 2D source correlation using single parity check codes

This paper proposes a low complexity joint source-channel coding (JSCC) technique that can well exploit two-dimensional (2D) source correlation using turbo single parity check (SPC) codes. Based on similar structure of the product accumulate code, a rate-1 inner code is serially concatenated to the turbo SPC code structure in order to overcome the high error floor issue of turbo SPC codes. The 2D source correlation, horizontal and vertical directions of the source are exploited during the decoding process. In order to exploit the source statistics (i.e. transition probabilities), a decoding algorithm based on modified check operation is proposed. This modified check operation has significantly lower computational complexity than the previous technique that based on modified Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm. Simulation results reveal that the proposed technique that based on modified check operation achieves about 4.5 times lower computational complexity than the technique that based on modified BCJR algorithm. In addition to the lower computational complexity, the proposed JSCC technique can achieve optimal performance, similar with the technique that based on modified BCJR algorithm. The interesting features of low computational complexity and high performance of the proposed technique is important in designing JSCC system exploiting higher dimensional source correlation.