Héctor Guiscafré Gallardo

Bordetella pertussis in adolescents students in Mexico City

OBJECTIVE To estimate seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis in students and their community. METHODS A total of 12,273 adolescent students aged 12 to 15 years from 14 public high schools in Mexico City were studied from September 2002 to March 2003. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from those adolescents with whooping cough for more than 14 days. Infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All students, school staff and family exposed to PCR-confirmed cases were tested. RESULTS Whooping cough rate was 5 to 1,000 students. Of those students (61) who were identified with whooping cough for more than 14 days, 20 (32.8%) were positive to Bordetella pertussis. Of 152 people exposed (contacts) to these cases, 16 (10.6%) were positive and only eight (50%) had whooping cough. One of these exposed (contacts) was the principal of a school that had more than 60% positive cases (12/20) and who was also a teacher of 10 infected students. Of 29 family members tested, eight (27.6%) were positive and from three different families. CONCLUSIONS The study results show a similar rate of whooping cough in adolescents as seen in other countries. Since persistent cough is not always clinically seen in all infected individuals, there may be asymptomatic cases of Bordetella infection.OBJETIVO: Estimar a soroprevalencia a Bordetella pertussis em escolares e seus contatos. METODOS: Foram examinados 12.273 alunos entre 12 e 15 anos de idade, de 14 escolas secundarias publicas da Cidade do Mexico, de setembro de 2002 a marco de 2003. Amostras de exudado nasofaringeo foram coletadas de adolescentes com tosse por mais de 14 dias. A infeccao foi confirmada por reacao em cadeia da polimerase. Todos os alunos e funcionarios dos colegios dos casos confirmados por reacao em cadeia da polimerase e seus familiares foram testados. RESULTADOS: A incidencia de tosse foi de 5 para 1.000 alunos. Dos 61 alunos com tosse amostrados, 20 (32,8%) foram positivos para Bordetella. Dos 152 contatos desses alunos, 16 (10,6%) foram positivos, dos quais oito apresentavam tosse. Um desses contatos foi a diretora de uma das escolas responsavel por mais de 60% dos casos positivos (12/20), que tambem deu aulas a dez desses alunos infectados. Dos 29 familiares testados, oito (27,6%) foram positivos, pertencentes a tres familias. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados mostram que a frequencia do agravo foi semelhante a reportada na populacao adolescente em outros paises. Todavia, este agravo nao tem necessariamente manifestacoes clinicas de tosse persistente, sendo possivel a existencia de sujeitos assintomaticos infectados com Bordetella.

Bordetella pertussis en estudiantes adolescentes de la Ciudad de México

OBJECTIVE To estimate seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis in students and their community. METHODS A total of 12,273 adolescent students aged 12 to 15 years from 14 public high schools in Mexico City were studied from September 2002 to March 2003. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from those adolescents with whooping cough for more than 14 days. Infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All students, school staff and family exposed to PCR-confirmed cases were tested. RESULTS Whooping cough rate was 5 to 1,000 students. Of those students (61) who were identified with whooping cough for more than 14 days, 20 (32.8%) were positive to Bordetella pertussis. Of 152 people exposed (contacts) to these cases, 16 (10.6%) were positive and only eight (50%) had whooping cough. One of these exposed (contacts) was the principal of a school that had more than 60% positive cases (12/20) and who was also a teacher of 10 infected students. Of 29 family members tested, eight (27.6%) were positive and from three different families. CONCLUSIONS The study results show a similar rate of whooping cough in adolescents as seen in other countries. Since persistent cough is not always clinically seen in all infected individuals, there may be asymptomatic cases of Bordetella infection.OBJETIVO: Estimar a soroprevalencia a Bordetella pertussis em escolares e seus contatos. METODOS: Foram examinados 12.273 alunos entre 12 e 15 anos de idade, de 14 escolas secundarias publicas da Cidade do Mexico, de setembro de 2002 a marco de 2003. Amostras de exudado nasofaringeo foram coletadas de adolescentes com tosse por mais de 14 dias. A infeccao foi confirmada por reacao em cadeia da polimerase. Todos os alunos e funcionarios dos colegios dos casos confirmados por reacao em cadeia da polimerase e seus familiares foram testados. RESULTADOS: A incidencia de tosse foi de 5 para 1.000 alunos. Dos 61 alunos com tosse amostrados, 20 (32,8%) foram positivos para Bordetella. Dos 152 contatos desses alunos, 16 (10,6%) foram positivos, dos quais oito apresentavam tosse. Um desses contatos foi a diretora de uma das escolas responsavel por mais de 60% dos casos positivos (12/20), que tambem deu aulas a dez desses alunos infectados. Dos 29 familiares testados, oito (27,6%) foram positivos, pertencentes a tres familias. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados mostram que a frequencia do agravo foi semelhante a reportada na populacao adolescente em outros paises. Todavia, este agravo nao tem necessariamente manifestacoes clinicas de tosse persistente, sendo possivel a existencia de sujeitos assintomaticos infectados com Bordetella.

Bordetella pertussis em estudantes adolescentes da Cidade do México

OBJECTIVE To estimate seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis in students and their community. METHODS A total of 12,273 adolescent students aged 12 to 15 years from 14 public high schools in Mexico City were studied from September 2002 to March 2003. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from those adolescents with whooping cough for more than 14 days. Infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All students, school staff and family exposed to PCR-confirmed cases were tested. RESULTS Whooping cough rate was 5 to 1,000 students. Of those students (61) who were identified with whooping cough for more than 14 days, 20 (32.8%) were positive to Bordetella pertussis. Of 152 people exposed (contacts) to these cases, 16 (10.6%) were positive and only eight (50%) had whooping cough. One of these exposed (contacts) was the principal of a school that had more than 60% positive cases (12/20) and who was also a teacher of 10 infected students. Of 29 family members tested, eight (27.6%) were positive and from three different families. CONCLUSIONS The study results show a similar rate of whooping cough in adolescents as seen in other countries. Since persistent cough is not always clinically seen in all infected individuals, there may be asymptomatic cases of Bordetella infection.OBJETIVO: Estimar a soroprevalencia a Bordetella pertussis em escolares e seus contatos. METODOS: Foram examinados 12.273 alunos entre 12 e 15 anos de idade, de 14 escolas secundarias publicas da Cidade do Mexico, de setembro de 2002 a marco de 2003. Amostras de exudado nasofaringeo foram coletadas de adolescentes com tosse por mais de 14 dias. A infeccao foi confirmada por reacao em cadeia da polimerase. Todos os alunos e funcionarios dos colegios dos casos confirmados por reacao em cadeia da polimerase e seus familiares foram testados. RESULTADOS: A incidencia de tosse foi de 5 para 1.000 alunos. Dos 61 alunos com tosse amostrados, 20 (32,8%) foram positivos para Bordetella. Dos 152 contatos desses alunos, 16 (10,6%) foram positivos, dos quais oito apresentavam tosse. Um desses contatos foi a diretora de uma das escolas responsavel por mais de 60% dos casos positivos (12/20), que tambem deu aulas a dez desses alunos infectados. Dos 29 familiares testados, oito (27,6%) foram positivos, pertencentes a tres familias. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados mostram que a frequencia do agravo foi semelhante a reportada na populacao adolescente em outros paises. Todavia, este agravo nao tem necessariamente manifestacoes clinicas de tosse persistente, sendo possivel a existencia de sujeitos assintomaticos infectados com Bordetella.