Hee-Soo Park

A study on the comparison of antioxidant effects among wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and cultivated ginseng extracts

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects among wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts. Methods In vitro antioxidant activities were examined by total antioxidant capacity( TAC), oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORAC), total phenolic content, 1, 1 - Diphenyl-2 -picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation using liver mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effect using 2’, 7’-dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Results 1. TAC of 1.5 and 3.75 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng

A Literary Study on Embedding Therapy

Background : This study focuses on the new acupuncture method of embedding method which inserts a substance on the acupuncture points for continuous stimulation. Clinical applications and cautions were examined through literary investigations. Results : Based on the literary consideration of embedding method, the following results were obtained : 1. Embedding method is a combination of traditional and embedding technique to provide longer duration of stimulation on the acupuncture points. 2. To administer the embedding method, one needs to utilize a embedding thread besides acupuncture apparatus. Sheep gut is commonly used in China and the surgical thread is the choice in Korea. 3. Embedding method may vary from the patient to patient, depending on the nature and location of the illness. Piercing, embedding, and tying are some of the possibilities. 4. Embedding method may have different arrangement of threads based on the choice of usage. 5. Embedding method is effective for various chronic illnesses such as aches, functional diseases, and the diseases of internal organs. 6. When using the embedding methods, cautions against infection and side effects due to strong stimulation are mandatory.

A study on the comparison of antioxidant effects between hot pepper extract and capsaicin

Objective : The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects of hot pepper extract and capsaicin. Methods : In vitro, antioxidant activities were examined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity(TAC), oxygen radical scavenging capacity(ORAC), inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation using liver mitochonria and total phenolic contents. Results : 1. DPPH free radical scavenging activities at the concentrations of both 1 and were 1.2 to 1.9 times higher in capsaicin than in hot pepper extract. The concentration of capsaicin required for 50% radical scavenging was lower than that of hot pepper extract(3.9 vs ), indicating that capsaicin had higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than hot pepper extract. 2. Total antioxidant capacities of capsaicin at the concentrations of 0.1 and 1mg/ml(13.8 and 41.3 nmol Trolox equivalent) were not significantly different from those at the concentrations of 1 and (11.4 and 41.2nmol Trolox equivalent), indicating that capsaicin showed 10 times higher ABTS radical scavenging activity compared to hot pepper extract. 3. ORAC of capsaicin at the concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 100 mg/ml were 0.04, 0.17, 0.29 and 1.74nmol gallic acid equivalent, respectively. On the other hand, ORAC of hot pepper extract at the concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and were 0.15, 0.44, 0.75 and 2.49nmol gallic acid equivalent, respectively, indicating that capsaicin showed higher peroxyl radical scavenging activity than hot pepper extract. 4. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by hot pepper extract at the concentrations of 1 and were 12.2 and 61.4%, respectively. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by capsaicin at the concentrations of 1 and were 64.0 and 96.8%, respectively. Thus capsaicin showed 10 times stronger effect in inhibiton of lipid peroxidation than hot pepper extract. 5. Total phenolic contents of hot pepper extract at the concentrations of 0.1 and were 1.4 and 20.8nmol gallic acid equivalent, respectively. Total phenolic contents of capsaicin at the concentrations of 0.1 and were 6.1 and 55.4 nmol gallic acid equivalent, respectively, indicating that capsaicin had 2.7 to 4.3 times higher total phenolic contents than hot pepper extract. Conclusions : In summary, the results of this study demonstrate significant antioxidant activity of hot pepper extract, although the activity was lowered compared to capsaicin, suggesting that hot pepper extract play a role in prevention of oxidative-related diseases.

Two Cases of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Bee Venom Pharmacopunture Therapy

Objective The purpose of this study was to report the efficiency of Bee Venom Pharmacopunture Therapy by managering of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia patients. Method Two patients were treated with Bee Venom Pharmacopunture and another Korean Medicine therapy for six weeks and compared with I-PSS(International Prostate Symptom Score) before and after. Results After treated with Bee Venom Pharmacopunture Therapy, `I-PSS` values decreased significantly all the patients. Conclusions Bee Venom Pharmacopunture Therapy was shown fairly effective to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Proteome Analysis of various types of Panax ginseng using 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to obtain an objective differentiating method for various types of Panax ginseng: ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and natural wild ginseng which are distinctive according to their growing environment. Methods : The roots, stem, and leaves of several types of ginseng were collected and comparative analysis of proteome was conducted on each part using 2-DE and the results examined. Results : 1. Proteome images of the respective parts within the samples showed spot-matching in most cases, suggesting that they are genetically identical panax ginseng. 2. Similar distribution patters were seen within the different parts of the Panax ginseng: ginseng, Chinese cultivated wild ginseng, and the 5 and 10 years old Korean cultivated wild ginseng. 3. For a quantitative evaluation of spots showing differences among the samples, 102 spots from the roots, 109 spots from the stems, and 132 spots form the leaves which showed a difference were selected and centrifugal identification was conducted. 4. Peculiar proteins from each respective part of the Panax ginseng were identified and the top 20 spots with significant differences were selected and analyzed in order to provide a differentiation rate among the samples. The accuracy rate ranged between 23.0-38.8%. 5. Differentiation rate of the top 10 spots with significant differences showed a 50-85% accuracy rate, and the differentiation rate was especially high for the stem of Chinese cultivated wild ginseng and Korean cultivated wild ginseng.

The Effects of Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-Acupuncture on Liver Injury of Rats Induced by CCI 4

This is the study of the effects of Aqua-acupuncture with Gardeniae Fructus on thc recovery of rat`s liver which was damaged by 0.3ml/ea of . Rats were divided into 4 groups; Normal-group(None treated group), Control-group(Not treated after -intoxicated), Exp. I(Treated with Saline Aqua-acupuncture after -intoxicated) and Exp. ll(Treated with Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture after -intoxicated). Biochemical assays for each serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT, Albumin, LDH, -GT, TG and Total cholesterol were performed. The results were summarized as follows: 1. AST activities in serum significantly decreased in the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated. In companson with Saline-treated group after -intoxicated, the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group *The professor of Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2. At T activities in serum significantly decreased in the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated. In com pan son with Saline-treated group after -intoxicated, the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated worked effectively to rat`s damaged liver. 3. Albumin in serum increased in the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua- acupurkture treated group after -intoxicated. 4. LDH in serum significantly decreased in the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated. In comparison with Saline-treated group after CClcintox icated, the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated worked highly effectively to rat`s damaged liver. 5. -GT In serum significantly decreased In the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture trea ted group after -intoxicated. In compan son with Saline-treated group after -intoxicated, the Crardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated was not recognized significantly. 6. TG in serum significantly decreased in the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated. In comparison with Saline-treated group after -intoxicated, the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua -acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated worked highly effectively to rat`s damaged liver. 7. Total cholesterol in serum decreased in the Gardenias Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated. In comparison with Saline-treated group after -intoxicated, the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua-acupuncture treated group after -intoxicated worked highly effectively to rat`s damaged liver. The results from ahove show that the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua- acupuncture has highly effects on the damaged liver caused by . Therefore it is expected that the Gardeniae Fructus Aqua- acupuncture could be used to cure the damaged liver.

산삼과 산양삼 추출물의 항암 및 항산화 효능

Objectives : The aim of this study was to verify anti-cancer and anti-oxidant efficacies of Korean wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng of Korea and China. Methods : For the measurement of anti-oxidation, SOD-like activity was evaluated using xanthine oxidase reduction method under in vitro environment. Subcutaneous and abdominal cancer were induced using CT-26 human colon cancer cells for the measurement of growth inhibition of cancer cells and differences in survival rate. Results : 1. Measurement of anti-oxidant activity of ginseng, Chinese and Korean cultivated wild ginseng, and natural wild ginseng samples showed concentration dependent anti-oxidant activity in HX/XOD system. Anti-oxidant activity showed drastic increase at 1mg/ml in all samples. 2. For the evaluation of growth inhibition of cancer cells after hypodermic implantation of CT-26 cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice, Chinese and Korean cultivated wild ginseng and natural wild ginseng groups showed significant inhibition of tumor growth from the 12th day compared to the control group. Similar inhibitory effects were also shown on the 15th and 18th days. But there was no significant difference between the experiment groups. 3. For the observation of increase in survival rate of the natural wild ginseng group, CT-26 cancer cells were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice.

The Study on Anti-cancer Effects of Distilling Fresh-ginseng Herbal acupuncture against implanted Sarcoma-180 in vivo and A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells in vitro

Objectives ; This study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of herbal acupuncture with distilled fresh ginseng. The herbal acupuncture was injected to Chung-wan() and Wisu() of mice that were subjected to Sarcoma-180 adbominal cancer cell and A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells in vitro. Methods : Anti-cancer effects of distilled fresh ginseng herbal acupuncture were tested by measruing Cox, Bcl-2, and Bax by using RT-PCR in A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells in vitro. And four weeks old Balb/c line male mice weighing around were used to measure survival rate and anti-cancer effect to outputs of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 using flow cytometry, possibility of mRNA menifestation using RT-PCR, and Cox mRNA. The results are as follows. Results : 1. In measuring mRNA menifestation in Cox, Bcl-2, and Bax by using RT-PCR in A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells in vitro, the result showed that fresh ginseng decreased Cox-2 which is directly involved in Inflammation process. 2. Survival rate was measured in an anti-cancer effect experiment against Sarcoma-180 abdorminal cancer. Median survival time of controlled group was 27 days, of experiment group I was 21 days, and of experiment group II was 27 days. Therefore, experiment group I showed -22.2% increase in survival rate and experiment group II showed no difference compare to controlled group. 3. There was no difference between condition group and controlled and experiment group in measuring outputs of interleukin-2 and interleukin 4 by using flow cytometry 4. In measuring outputs of interleukin-2 by using ELISA, there was no significant difference between condition group and controlled group and there was decrease in experiment group II compared to conditioned and controlled group. 5. In measuring cytokine mRNA menifestation by using RT-PCR, experiment group I showed increase of mRNA menifestation in interleukin-2,4 and and experiment group II showed no significant difference in . Conclusion : According to the results, fresh ginseng herbal-acupuncture took a little effects in cancer. In using distilled fresh ginseng herbal acupuncture has effect on Cox-2 decrease. However, the difference in concentration of fresh ginseng showed no effect on killing cancer cell. It is assumed that inaccurate concentration of herbal acupuncture and fresh ginseng component could be the reason for this result. Therefore, future consideration will be studies on herbal acupuncture concentration.

Experimental study on Cervi Cornu on Adjuvant Arthritis in rats

Objective: To investigate effects of Cervi Cornu on Adjuvant Athritis in rats, the edema inhibit rate, the anaJgesic effects, the number of WBC, RA facter, Platelet, the quantity of CRP, total protein, albumin and globuline in the blood serum were measured in the arthritis part. Results: The results obtained as fonows ; 1. After arthritis of Sprague dawley(SD) rats was induced by injecting Freund`s complete adjuvant for 2 weeks, any treatment was not for Control group, acupunctured for Treat Ⅰ group. normal saJine was ora] administrated for the Treat Ⅱ group, Cervi Cornu Ex. was oral administrated for Treat Ⅲ, and Cervi Cornu Herbal-acupullcture was injected for Trea Ⅳ group during 2 weeks every other day. Selected point was on pressure pain point in both groups. And then the edema inhibit rate were checked. The edema inhibit rate was in Treat I group, Treat IV group, in Treat III. there was significance in the edema inhibit rate between Control group and Treat group, in order of Treat Ⅰ, Ⅳ, Ⅲ.(p(gm) in Control group. (gm) in Treat Ⅰ group. (gm) in Treat Ⅲ group and (gm) in Treat Ⅳ group. There was significance in the analgesic effects between Control group and Treat group(p(㎕) in control Group, (㎕) in Treat Ⅰ group, (㎕) in Treat Ⅱ Group and (㎕) in Treat Ⅳ group. There was significance in the number of WBC between Control group and Treat group(pg/dl in control group, g/dl in Treat I group, g/dl in Treat Ⅲ group and g/dl in Treat IV group. There was significance in The content of total protein in the blood serum between Control group and Treat group(pg/dl in the Control group, g/dl in Treat Ⅰ group, g/dl in Treat Ⅱ group, g/dl in Treat Ⅲ group, g/dl in Treat IV group. There was no significance in The content of albumin in the blood serum between Control group and Treat group(pg/dl in the Control group, g/dl in Treat Ⅰ group, g/dl in Treat IV group. There was significance in The content of globulin in the blood serum between Control group and Treat group(pIU/ml in Control group and IU/ml in Treat Ⅱ group. There was significance inThe numbers of RA factor between Control group and Treat group(p/㎕ in Control group, /㎕ in Treat Ⅰ group, /㎕ in Treat Ⅱ group, /㎕l in Treat Ⅲ group, /㎕ in Treat Ⅳ group. There was no significance in The numbers of platelet between Control group and Treat group(pmg/ml in Control group, mg/ml in Treat Ⅰ group, mg/ml in Treat Ⅱ group, mg/ml in Treat Ⅲ group, mg/ml in Treat Ⅳ group. There was no significance in The quantity of CRP between Control group and Treat group(p

HepG2 세포의 산화적 손상에 대한 산삼 추출물의 보호효과 - DNA chip을 이용하여 -

Objectives : This study was carried out to examine protective effect of wild ginseng extract on HepG2 human hepatoma cell line against tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage. Methods : To evaluate protective effect of wild ginseng extract against t-BHP induced cytotoxicity, LDH level and activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase were measured. Gene expression was also measured using DNA microarray. Results : Wild ginseng extract showed a significant protective effect against t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line. It is not, however, related with the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Analysis of gene expression using DNA chip, demonstrated that 28 genes were up-regulated in t-BHP only group. Five genes - selenoprotein P, glutathione peroxidase 3, sirtuin 2, peroxiredoxin 2, serfiredoxin 1 homolog - may be related with the protective effect of wild ginseng extract. Conclusions : Based on the results, a protective effect of wild ginseng extract against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cell line is not associated with the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, but with the expression of selenoprotein P, glutathione peroxidase 3, sirtuin 2, peroxiredoxin 2, and serfiredoxin 1 homolog.