Heidi Grappendorf

Do They Want More?: An Analysis of NCAA Senior Woman Administrators' Participation in Financial Decision Making

Abstract The Senior Woman Administrator (SWA) position was created by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in part to ensure involvement of women in the decision making processes at their respective institutions. Previous research has indicated the importance of experience with financial decisions and budgets for SWAs to advance in their intercollegiate athletics careers. This study sought to explore the actual versus desired levels of participative decision making among SWAs (N=269) in various financial areas. In each of the decision areas (operations, budgeting, capital outlay, salary considerations, media broadcast contracts, and sponsorship advertising), a significant main effect was found in which SWAs indicated a desire for greater participation in decision making. Results are discussed in light of the role of the SWA in todays intercollegiate athletic environment.

Examining the Influence of Athletic Participation in Evaluation of Entry-Level Positions In Financial Services: An Application of Role Congruity Theory

Abstract Role congruity theory was utilized to examine whether a candidate’s participation in intercollegiate athletics influenced hiring preferences of managers in the financial services industry; an industry with a majority of leadership positions occupied by men. Participants were N = 163 (female n = 71, male n = 92) managers within the financial services industry. A simulated employment procedure was used with hiring managers evaluating mock applicant résumés for either male/female athletes or male/female non-athletes prior to answering questions about preferences for hiring candidates for entry-level employment. Results indicated female athlete candidates received similar scores to the male athlete candidates for hiring and competence. The female non-athlete candidate received the lowest scores for hiring and competence. Further, female athlete candidates received the highest scores overall for likeability. The findings indicate that participation in athletics provides women with a benefit in regard to hiring preference in the financial services industry.

Utilizing Role Congruity Theory to Examine the Hiring of Blacks for Entry Level Sports Management

Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate hiring preference for entry-level sport management positions based on race, gender, and athletic participation of the applicant. Simulated employment procedures were used in the present study. Specifically, White female and male athlete and non-athlete résumés and Black female and male athlete and non-athlete résumés were examined. Role congruity theory was utilized as the framework for this study. Results indicated overall that White applicants (both athletes and non-athletes) received significantly higher ratings when compared to Black applicants, but that White male athlete applicants did not receive significantly higher overall ratings.