Hélène Charitansky

Validation and Limitations of Use of a Breast Cancer Nomogram Predicting the Likelihood of Non–Sentinel Node Involvement After Positive Sentinel Node Biopsy

BackgroundAxillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is currently under discussion in the literature. The breast cancer nomogram (BCN), an online tool developed by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), aims to predict the risk of positive non-SLN in SLN-positive patients. The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of the nomogram on patients with macrometastatic and micrometastatic SLN-positive biopsy findings.MethodsPatient characteristics, tumor pathology, and positive SLN characteristics were collected on 588 consecutive patients who underwent completion ALND. The MSKCC BCN tool was used to calculate risk of metastases for all 588 cases that included a subgroup of the 213 patients with SLN micrometastases. The BCN was performed for positive SLN biopsy findings regardless of the method of metastasis detection. Evaluation of the BCN was performed by the area under the curve method.ResultsThe BCN applied to all 588 patients achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of .724 (range, .677–.771) compared with .76 in the MSKCC study. When the tool was applied solely to micrometastases found by hematoxylin and eosin staining and metastases found by immunohistochemistry, the area under the ROC was .538 (range, .423–.653).ConclusionsThe MSKCC nomogram has been validated for all the patients having a metastatic SLN at the Institut Curie. However, this model was not reliably predictive for positive non–SLN in cases with micrometastic positive SLN.

Sentinel lymph node identification using superparamagnetic iron oxide particles versus radioisotope: The French Sentimag feasibility trial

The French Sentimag feasibility trial evaluated a new method for the localization of breast cancer sentinel lymph node (SLN) using Sienna+®, superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, and Sentimag® detection in comparison to the standard technique (isotopes ± blue dye).

Réseaux lymphatiques de la glande mammaire : l’identification du ganglion sentinelle revue à la lumière des anciens anatomistes

Lymphatic drainage of the mammary gland. Sentinel node biopsy revisited at the light of historical anatomical works Sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer was described in 1994 and is part of the daily treatment of small operable breast cancers. Colorimetric and/or isotopic technique allows identification of breast lymphatic network and its drainage towards the axilla. Periareolar or peri-tumoral injection of the Isotope or patent blue were demonstrated as injecting the same axillary node or group of nodes. The anatomy of the breast lymphatic drainage was described in the 19th century and before Sappey’s description one can say that the aesthetical and lactation diseases were the main concerns about the breast. Even though Queen Anne d’Autriche was treated with red iron for her T IV, the treatment of breast cancer remained poorly described until the end of the 19th century. Screening programs allow the discovery of smaller and smaller cancers in which the classical axillary dissection is no more useful. Identification of breast lymphatic drainage rediscovered the ancients’ anatomical works with lymphotropic dye and isotopes which can be used in vivo. The re-discovery of the anatomy by these authors is very valuable and very useful for our patients

Abstract P2-01-01: Sentinel node surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patient with axillary node involvement: The French GANEA 2 prospective multi-institutional trial

Background Half of the patient treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for a large operable breast cancer has no axillary lymph node involvement at the time of surgery. Sentinel lymph node detection (SLND), performed after NAC, must select patient who should be spared of an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The application of SLND for staging the axilla after NAC for patient who initially had a proven axillary lymph node involvement remains controversial because of a low detection rate (DR) and a high false negative rate (FNR). Objective The aim of GANEA 2 trial was to assess the DR and the FNR of SLND after NAC in the particular case of patients with a proven axillary lymph node involvement. Patients and Method GANEA 2 was validated by scientific and ethical national boards. Inclusion criteria: FIGO stage T2-T3 infiltrating breast carcinoma, indication of NAC, surgery (radical or conservative) after NAC and signed consent form, Exclusion criteria: inflammatory cancer, local relapse, previous surgical removal of the tumour, mental disorder, pregnancy or no contraceptive method, contra-indication to NAC, NAC interrupted due to progressive disease. Design: Diagnosis and indication to plan a NAC, control of inclusion and exclusion criteria, consent form signature, axillary sonography with fine needle cytology before NAC to select patients with a proven lymph node involvement. After NAC patients underwent both SLND, with the combined technique Blue dye and radiolabeled colloid, and complementary ALND. Pathological procedure: Pathological analysis, of sentinel and non sentinel nodes, carried out according to standard methods and classified according the last American Joint Committee staging system and Sataloff classification. Studied parameters were detection rate, false negative rate and Sataloff grading on tumor and lymph nodes. We evaluated particularly the likelihood that the FNR in patients with one or more SLN examined was greater than 10%. Patients with no lymph node involvement before NAC underwent only a SLND with an ALND only in the case of SLN macro-metastasis with a rigorous follow up. They are not part of this abstract. Results From July 2010, to February 2014, 242 patients from 19 institutions were enrolled, with a proven axillary lymph node involvement before NAC. After NAC, 1/3 had metastasis free axillary lymph node (80/142). Detection rate was 83.1% (201/242). Half of the patients with a detection failure had an involved ALND. The false negative rate was 14.2% in the whole series but 24.5% in the case of only 1 SLN resected, and 8% in case of more than 1 SLN resected. In case of involved SLN, half of the patients had involved ALND. Considering the node Sataloff scoring, 18 of the 20 false negative cases were grade C or D (n=15 grade C, metastatic disease and therapeutic effect; n = 3 grade D, metastasis and no therapeutic effect). Conclusion Among patients treated by NAC for a large operable breast cancer with proven involved lymph node before NAC, who had only 1 SLN examined, the false negative rate was 24.5%. SLND with the combined technique, provides a FNR of less than 10% only in the case of 2 or more SLN resected. Citation Format: Jean-Marc Classe, Loic Campion, Severine Alran, Christine Tunon de Lara, Pierre Francois Dupre, Christelle Faure, Nicolas Paillocher, Serge Lasry, Marie Pierre Chauvet, Gilles Houvenaeghel, Marian Gutowski, Pascaline De Blaye, Charlotte Ngo, Emmanuel Barranger, Jean Luc Veraeghe, Celine Lefebvre, Jean Francois Rodier, Virginie Bordes, Helene Charitansky, Gwenael Ferron, Pierre Gimbergues. Sentinel node surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patient with axillary node involvement: The French GANEA 2 prospective multi-institutional trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-01.

Abstract P1-01-21: Sentinel Lymph Node detection after previous breast tumour surgical resection: identification rate and false negative rate through a prospective multi institutional study.

Background: Large multi institutional studies have pointed that previous surgical resection of breast tumours before axillary sentinel node detection (ASLND) was the main criteria of failure of this technique. Screening campaigns provide small tumours and despite efforts to obtain a diagnosis of early breast cancer, this is not always obtained, due to small tumours or false negative results of micro biopsies. The aim of our series was to assess identification rates and false negative rates of ASLND after previous surgical resection of breast tumours. Material and Methods: In a prospective multi institutional setting (14 multidisciplinary teams), we have included patients with a previous breast tumour surgical resection for the diagnosis of infiltrative breast adenocarcinoma. Patients with only a core biopsy and no surgical removal of the tumor before axillary surgery were not included. Each patient underwent a secondary surgical procedure for ASLND and axillary lymphadenectomy, and sometimes a breast secondary surgical procedure for margins. ASLND was performed with the combined method, with blue dye and technetium. Pathology was performed with serial sectioning, eosin safron and immune histo chemistry (IHC). Results: From July 2006 to November 2011, 138 patients where included. The median tumor size was 9mm. Identification rate was 86% (118/138). A macrometastasis was found in 11 cases, in a sentinel node (9), or in a non sentinel node(2). False negative rate was 9% (1 false negative sentinel node with macrometastasis in non sentinel node from lymphadenectomy/11 cases with a macrometastasis in either a sentinel node or a non sentinel node). In 1 case a micrometastasis was found in a sentinel node through IHC, with a macrometastasis in a non sentinel node from lymphadenectomy. Without IHC or without the decision of performing a complementary lymphadenectomy in the case of micrometastasis, the false negative rate would have been 18%. Conclusions: After previous surgical resection of early breast cancer, ASLND remains feasible with a low identification rate of 86%, despite the use of the combined method. The False negative rate is acceptable with the use of IHC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-21.

Cirugía oncoplástica conservadora en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama

La cirugia oncoplastica ocupa un lugar de pleno derecho entre los posibles tratamientos quirurgicos de los canceres de mama, tanto si se trata de tumores palpables como de lesiones radiologicas infraclinicas. Permite disminuir el numero de mastectomias y obtener un mejor control local del cancer de mama gracias a exeresis amplias que proporcionan margenes de seguridad suficientes. Historicamente, la cirugia oncoplastica se reservaba a los tumores de los cuadrantes inferiores (plastia mamaria en T invertida). En la actualidad, todas las localizaciones tumorales pueden ser tributarias de ella y, en particular, las lesiones de los cuadrantes externos accesibles a las plastias mamarias mediante tecnica externa. Se trata de una intervencion sencilla y reproducible con minimos despegamientos cutaneoglandulares de facil cicatrizacion. La cirugia oncoplastica tiene por objeto evitar o tratar las deformaciones, a veces importantes, que puede provocar el tratamiento conservador. Estas deformaciones se definen como secuelas esteticas del tratamiento conservador (SETC) y pueden beneficiarse tambien de estas tecnicas oncoplasticas para mejorar sus resultados. La ensenanza de estas nuevas tecnicas de oncoplastia mamaria debe estar rigurosamente enmarcada en un programa de formacion en oncologia y cirugia mamaria.