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Featured researches published by Helene Kreysa.


Frontiers in Psychology | 2012

Can Speaker Gaze Modulate Syntactic Structuring and Thematic Role Assignment during Spoken Sentence Comprehension

Pia Knoeferle; Helene Kreysa

During comprehension, a listener can rapidly follow a frontally seated speaker’s gaze to an object before its mention, a behavior which can shorten latencies in speeded sentence verification. However, the robustness of gaze-following, its interaction with core comprehension processes such as syntactic structuring, and the persistence of its effects are unclear. In two “visual-world” eye-tracking experiments participants watched a video of a speaker, seated at an angle, describing transitive (non-depicted) actions between two of three Second Life characters on a computer screen. Sentences were in German and had either subjectNP1-verb-objectNP2 or objectNP1-verb-subjectNP2 structure; the speaker either shifted gaze to the NP2 character or was obscured. Several seconds later, participants verified either the sentence referents or their role relations. When participants had seen the speaker’s gaze shift, they anticipated the NP2 character before its mention and earlier than when the speaker was obscured. This effect was more pronounced for SVO than OVS sentences in both tasks. Interactions of speaker gaze and sentence structure were more pervasive in role-relations verification: participants verified the role relations faster for SVO than OVS sentences, and faster when they had seen the speaker shift gaze than when the speaker was obscured. When sentence and template role-relations matched, gaze-following even eliminated the SVO-OVS response-time differences. Thus, gaze-following is robust even when the speaker is seated at an angle to the listener; it varies depending on the syntactic structure and thematic role relations conveyed by a sentence; and its effects can extend to delayed post-sentence comprehension processes. These results suggest that speaker gaze effects contribute pervasively to visual attention and comprehension processes and should thus be accommodated by accounts of situated language comprehension.


Laryngoscope | 2016

Nonmotor disabilities in patients with facial palsy measured by patient‐reported outcome measures

Gerd Fabian Volk; Thordis Granitzka; Helene Kreysa; Carsten M. Klingner; Orlando Guntinas-Lichius

To describe changes of motor and nonmotor disabilities in patient with peripheral facial palsy (FP) during treatment using the patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE), Facial Disability Index (FDI), and Short Form 36‐Item Questionnaire (SF‐36) and to analyze predictors for these changes


Frontiers in Human Neuroscience | 2016

Preference for Well-Balanced Saliency in Details Cropped from Photographs

Jonas Abeln; Leonie Fresz; Seyed Ali Amirshahi; I. Chris McManus; Michael Koch; Helene Kreysa; Christoph Redies

Photographic cropping is the act of selecting part of a photograph to enhance its aesthetic appearance or visual impact. It is common practice with both professional (expert) and amateur (non-expert) photographers. In a psychometric study, McManus et al. (2011b) showed that participants cropped photographs confidently and reliably. Experts tended to select details from a wider range of positions than non-experts, but other croppers did not generally prefer details that were selected by experts. It remained unclear, however, on what grounds participants selected particular details from a photograph while avoiding other details. One of the factors contributing to cropping decision may be visual saliency. Indeed, various saliency-based computer algorithms are available for the automatic cropping of photographs. However, careful experimental studies on the relation between saliency and cropping are lacking to date. In the present study, we re-analyzed the data from the studies by McManus et al. (2011a,b), focusing on statistical image properties. We calculated saliency-based measures for details selected and details avoided during cropping. As expected, we found that selected details contain regions of higher saliency than avoided details on average. Moreover, the saliency center-of-mass was closer to the geometrical center in selected details than in avoided details. Results were confirmed in an eye tracking study with the same dataset of images. Interestingly, the observed regularities in cropping behavior were less pronounced for experts than for non-experts. In summary, our results suggest that, during cropping, participants tend to select salient regions and place them in an image composition that is well-balanced with respect to the distribution of saliency. Our study contributes to the knowledge of perceptual bottom-up features that are germane to aesthetic decisions in photography and their variability in non-experts and experts.


PLOS ONE | 2016

Direct Speaker Gaze Promotes Trust in Truth-Ambiguous Statements

Helene Kreysa; Luise Kessler; Stefan R. Schweinberger

A speaker’s gaze behaviour can provide perceivers with a multitude of cues which are relevant for communication, thus constituting an important non-verbal interaction channel. The present study investigated whether direct eye gaze of a speaker affects the likelihood of listeners believing truth-ambiguous statements. Participants were presented with videos in which a speaker produced such statements with either direct or averted gaze. The statements were selected through a rating study to ensure that participants were unlikely to know a-priori whether they were true or not (e.g., “sniffer dogs cannot smell the difference between identical twins”). Participants indicated in a forced-choice task whether or not they believed each statement. We found that participants were more likely to believe statements by a speaker looking at them directly, compared to a speaker with averted gaze. Moreover, when participants disagreed with a statement, they were slower to do so when the statement was uttered with direct (compared to averted) gaze, suggesting that the process of rejecting a statement as untrue may be inhibited when that statement is accompanied by direct gaze.


Behavioral and Brain Sciences | 2013

Preparing to be punched: prediction may not always require inference of intentions.

Helene Kreysa

Pickering & Garrods (P&Gs) framework assumes an efference copy based on the interlocutors intentions. Yet, elaborate attribution of intentions may not always be necessary for online prediction. Instead, contextual cues such as speaker gaze can provide similar information with a lower demand on processing resources.


European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology | 2017

Initial severity of motor and non-motor disabilities in patients with facial palsy: an assessment using patient-reported outcome measures

Gerd Fabian Volk; Thordis Granitzka; Helene Kreysa; Carsten M. Klingner; Orlando Guntinas-Lichius


conference cognitive science | 2011

Peripheral speaker gaze facilitates spoken language comprehension: syntactic structuring and thematic role asssignment in German

Helene Kreysa; Pia Knoeferle


Event Representation in Language and Cognition | 2010

Visual encoding of coherent and non-coherent scenes

Christian Dobel; Reinhild Glanemann; Helene Kreysa; Pienie Zwitserlood; Sonja Eisenbeiß


conference cognitive science | 2011

Effects of speaker gaze on spoken language comprehension: task matters

Helene Kreysa; Pia Knoeferle


European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology | 2016

Comparison of in-plane and out-of-plane needle insertion with vs. without needle guidance

Verena Constanze Meiser; Helene Kreysa; Orlando Guntinas-Lichius; Gerd Fabian Volk

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