Hélène Ruiz Fabri

European media policy and cultural diversity at the international level : the European Union's role in fostering the implantation of the 2005 UNESCO Convention

Since the Maastricht Treaty, cultural diversity has been recognized in the EU treaties as a core element in European integration. The Lisbon Treaty reflects the cultural diversity concern in several of its provisions. The preamble to the TEU states that the member states of the EU draw inspiration from ‘the cultural, religious and humanist heritages of Europe […]’ and desire ‘to deepen the sol-idarity between their peoples while respecting their history, their culture and their traditions.’ Article 3 of the TEU states that the EU ‘shall respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity, and shall ensure that Europe’s cultural heritage is safeguarded and enhanced.’ Article 167 §4 of the TFEU provides that ‘the Union shall take cultural aspects into account in its action under other provisions of the Treaties, in particular in order to respect and to promote the diversity of its cultures.’ More specifically, cultural diversity is also taken into account in the provisions on aid for culture and heritage conservation.1

Games within Fragmentation: The Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions

This collection of essays from leading academics examines the connection between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and human rights issues, a topic which has provoked significant debate, particularly in the decade since the collapsed WTO talks in Seattle in 1999.

The Relationship between Negotiations and Third-Party Dispute Settlement at the WTO, with Emphasis on the EC-Bananas Dispute

This chapter describes the complexity of combining negotiation and third-party dispute settlement, which leads us to consider the tensions as well as the complementarity or contradictions. The Banana dispute illustrates the whole range of possible relationships by a short recollection of this saga. The chapter further recapitulates in a general framework the various ways by which negotiations and third-party procedures are intertwined within the WTO Dispute Settlement System (DSS) and points out the complexity of the intertwinings. Last, the chapter is pertinent to adopt a chronological analysis in order to point out the ambiguities and tensions of the relationship between negotiations, and their possible outcomes, and third-party dispute settlement, as well as to identify more specifically the room left in practise for mutually agreed solutions, i.e. in the perspective of the goal of the whole system, and how third-party intervention can either help or hinder. Keywords:dispute settlement system (DSS); dispute settlement understanding (DSU); EC-Bananas dispute; third-party dispute settlement; WTO

La jurisprudence de l'OMC/ The Case-Law of the WTO La jurisprudence de l'OMC / The Case-Law of the WTO, 1999-1

[This bilingual volume is the fourth in a series, which has the ambition to present the “jurisprudence” of the WTO, in a simple, coherent and systematic fashion. Ce volume est le quatrieme d’une serie d’ouvrages ayant pour ambition de presenter la « jurisprudence » de l’OMC, de facon simple, coherente et systematique., This bilingual volume is the fourth in a series, which has the ambition to present the “jurisprudence” of the WTO, in a simple, coherent and systematic fashion. Ce volume est le quatrieme d’une serie d’ouvrages ayant pour ambition de presenter la « jurisprudence » de l’OMC, de facon simple, coherente et systematique., This bilingual volume is the fourth in a series, which has the ambition to present the “jurisprudence” of the WTO, in a simple, coherent and systematic fashion. Ce volume est le quatrieme d’une serie d’ouvrages ayant pour ambition de presenter la « jurisprudence » de l’OMC, de facon simple, coherente et systematique.]