Helio Garcia Leite

Estimação do volume de árvores utilizando redes neurais artificiais

The artificial neural network consists of a set of units containing mathematical functions connected by weights. Such nets are capable of learning by means of synaptic weight modification, generalizing learning for other unknown archives. The neural network project comprises three stages: pre-processing, processing and post-processing of data. One of the classical problems approached by networks is function approximation. Tree volume estimate can be included in this group. Four different architectures, five pre-processings and two activation functions were used. The nets which were statistically similar to the observed data were also analyzed in relation to residue and volume and compared to the volume estimate provided by the Schumacher and Hall equation. The neural nets formed by neurons whose activation function was exponential presented estimates statistically similar to the observed data. The nets trained with the data normalized by the linear interpolation method and equalized presented better estimate performance.

Quantificação do estoque de carbono e avaliação econômica de diferentes alternativas de manejo em um plantio de eucalipto

Este estudo teve por objetivos: quantificar o estoque de madeira para a producao de carvao e serraria em uma floresta de eucalipto; quantificar o estoque de carbono nos diferentes compartimentos da floresta; e avaliar economicamente alternativas de manejo, com vista a insercao de povoamentos florestais no mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo e na venda de creditos de carbono. Para isso, realizou-se um inventario florestal em uma plantacao de Eucalyptus grandis, com 6 anos de idade, no Municipio de Vicosa, Minas Gerais. Apos as analises, verificou-se que: a) o fuste e o componente da arvore que mais contribui, em media, para o total de carbono da parte aerea (81,84%), seguido por casca (8,05%), galhos (7,74%) e folhas (2,57%); b) 47,7 toneladas de carbono por hectare estao estocadas na parte aerea das arvores; 14,71 nas raizes e 8,72 na manta orgânica, totalizando 71,13 toneladas de carbono por hectare; c) a producao de madeira somente para a venda de creditos de carbono, sem considerar o seu uso final, e economicamente viavel, segundo criterios quantitativos de avaliacao do projeto, se a tonelada de carbono for comercializada a precos maiores que US

Estimativa de biomassa de plantios de eucalipto no Brasil

10,07; e d) a venda de creditos de carbono torna o empreendimento ainda mais atrativo economicamente, sobretudo porque a receita e auferida no inicio do projeto.

Disponibilidade hídrica do solo e produtividade do eucalipto em três regiões da Bacia do Rio Doce

The aim of this work was to model growth of eucalypt plantations in Brazil. It was intended to evaluate influence of key climatic variables on eucalypt productivity. The database employed was obtained from the Soil and Eucalypt Nutrition Program of the Soil Department of the Federal University of Vicosa. Climatic characteristics and age were a model important component. The region with the highest productivity produced three times more aboveground biomass than the poorest region. Regions with low water availability exhibited the lowest biomass production. Strong reduced in canopy proportion was observed within 3.5 years following planting. After that the canopy proportion reduced more slowly.

Relações entre variáveis climáticas com produção e enraizamento de miniestacas de eucalipto

The productivity of eucalyptus stands found in Belo Oriente, Nova Era and Guanhaes areas in the Rio Doce Basin, Minas Gerais State were analyzed. The precipitation events occurred over the rainy seasons as well as the water balance components by Thornthwaite and Mather, in 1955, relative to the period from January 1985 to December 1998 were studied, in order to determine the influence of these components on the gain of the annual average volume of wood (m3ha-1). To do so, the forest inventory data from the Empresa Florestal Celulose Nipo-Brasileira - CENIBRA, relative to the 3 - 7 year age range, were used. Wood productivity was affected by the total precipitation in the rainy season (PEC). The lowest values of the monthly periodic increment (IPM) were observed in those years preceded by dry (S) or very dry rainy season (MS), whereas the highest IPM values occurred in those years preceded by rainy season so-classified as rainy (C) or very rainy (MC). Taking into account that this fact was more pronounced in both Guanhaes and Nova Era, the correlation between PEC finished at every year and IPM for either the increase (1986 to 1992) and decrease periods (1992 to 1995) in PEC were verified; these correlations reached a r2above 80%. For a 100 mm increase in PEC from a year to another, the increase in IPM averaged 0.445 m3ha-1mo-1, whereas for a reduction of 100 mm the decrease in IPM was 0.64 m3ha-1mo-1 for both regions. Guanhaes showed the highest average site index as well as the highest average productivity, following the Nova Era and Belo Oriente regions.

Estoque de carbono na biomassa de plantações de eucalipto na região centro-leste do estado de Minas Gerais

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of linear association among climate variables with the production and rooting of Eucalyptus minicuttings cultivated in two types of mini garden (sand bed and sub-irrigation tubes). CENIBRA data were used for minicutting rooting, number of minicuttings per ministump and climate monitoring data. The number of minicuttings produced per ministump and their rooting rate were correlated with climatic data (light, temperature and air relative humidity) .Temperature influences minicuting rooting in different ways, with the effect varying according with the clone and type of clonal mini garden. As for the number of minicuttings, temperature increase favors the production of minicuttings, regardless of the type of mini garden. Light influenced rooting and number of minicuttings positively , while air relative humidity had a negative effect, regardless of the type of mini garden evaluated. The data of this study indicates that increased light intensity and reduced air relative humidity favor minicutting rooting and the number of minicuttings produced by ministumps, as well.

Influência do estado nutricional de minicepas no enraizamento de miniestacas de eucalipto

Forest ecosystems are a viable possibility to mitigate the increase in concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere by carbon (C) sequestration by the trees and its storage in biomass and in the soil, but such information are scarce. The main objective of this study was to assess production of dry matter of aerial section, roots and litter layer on the soil and C stock of trees in eucalyptus crops in the Central-East region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in five regions: Cocais (CO), Rio Doce (RD), Sabinopolis (SB), Santa Barbara (SA), and Virginopolis (VI). Regarding dry matter production, the most productive region was SA, with 32.80 t ha-1 yr-1, in trees at 84 months of age and 21.09 and 25.21 t ha-1 yr-1 in trees at 120 months of age, respectively. Stabilization of productivity was after 96 months of age in SA and at 84 months of age for RD and SB. For region CO and VI, productivy and average year C stock maintained increasing rates until 120 months of age, showing that the greatest productivy occurs in advanced ages. Productivity and average C stock of those crops were 26.96 t ha-1 yr-1 of biomass and 13.64 t ha-1 yr-1 C.

Projeção do estoque de carbono e análise da geração de créditos em povoamentos de eucalipto

The adventitious rooting of cuttings is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the plant material. The knowledge about the way of the action of these factors upon rooting is essential for the success of the seedling production by minicuttings. Among the factors involved in rooting the mineral nutrition can be emphasized because there is a significant relation between it and rooting, but the importance of various nutrients in this process has not been completely explained yet. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the linear association degree between the nutritional status of ministumps with the rooting of eucalyptus minicuttings. Data from the CENIBRA enterprise were used, and those of rooting of minicuttings and the nutrient contents found in chemical analyses of leaf tissues of the ministumps were analyzed. The data used were from a clonal minigarden grown in sand beds, with fertirrigation by dripping. With these data, analyses were performed to evaluate the existence of a linear correlation among the concentrations of macro and micronutrients in the ministumps and the rooting rate of the minicuttings. The results indicate that the mineral nutrition plays an important role on the adventitious rooting of the minicuttings produced by the ministumps, generating different responses according to the nutrient considered. The results of this study indicate that the nutritive solution used in the clonal minigarden must be specific for each clone.

Crescimento de plantios clonais de eucalipto não desbastados na região de Monte Dourado (PA)

The objectives of this study were to predict volumetric yield and carbon stock in the stems of eucalypt plantation trees, as well as to economically evaluate the inclusion of the Reduced Emission Certificates (RECs) in forest projects by quantitative criteria. Thus, data from Eucalyptus grandis stands, located in Guanhaes-Minas Gerais, were used. Based on the volume and carbon equations for the stems of individual trees and for 95 permanent plots, Clutter growth and production model (1983) were adjusted for volumetric production and carbon stock projection. After analysis, it was verified that: a) the growth and yield model proposed by Clutter (1983) provided technical cutting ages according to the productivity capacity of the stands, both for volumetric yield and carbon stock; b) the technical cutting ages (TCAs) were practically the same, considering the volumetric and carbon stocks; c) the economic rotations were greater than the technical cutting age in sites with low and average productivity (S = 20 and S = 26), regardless of the inclusion or not of the CERs in the analysis; d) the CERs contributed to the economic viability of the forest projects in low productivity sites, considering the budgets for the establishment of the projects; e) in the sensitivity analysis, the item wood price had the greatest influence on the economic viability of the projects. In contrast, the Reduced Emission Certificates (RECs) had little influence.

Avaliação de um modelo de distribuição diamétrica ajustado para povoamentos de tectona grandis submetidos a desbaste

The objective of the present work was to analyze the behavior of stand variables such as basal area, volume, height and tree number per hectare over time. For this purpose, experiments used data from permanent forest inventory of unthinned clonal plantations of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla hybrids, from JARI CELULOSE, Para, Brazil. A total of 63 permanent plots were selected and equally distributed in three productivity classes. The analysis confirmed that the stands variables showed direct relationship with the site, with different growth rates over time; the number of survivor trees is larger in sites with higher productivity in the first years after planting. However, in the best sites, there is a higher mortality with time, inverting this behavior.