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Featured researches published by Henner Busemann.


Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 2014

Fluid-induced organic synthesis in the solar nebula recorded in extraterrestrial dust from meteorites

Christian Vollmer; Demie Kepaptsoglou; J. Leitner; Henner Busemann; N. H. Spring; Quentin M. Ramasse; Peter Hoppe; Larry R. Nittler

Significance Organic matter from the parent molecular cloud of our solar system can be located in primitive extraterrestrial samples like meteorites and cometary grains. This pristine matter contains among the most primitive organic molecules that were delivered to the early Earth 4.5 billion years ago. We have analyzed these organics by a high-resolution electron microscope that is exceptionally suited to study these beam-sensitive materials. Different carbon and nitrogen functional groups were identified on a submicron scale and can be attributed to early cometary and meteoritic organic reservoirs. Our results demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that certain highly aromatic and nitrogen-containing ubiquitous organics were transformed from an oxygen-rich organic reservoir by parent body fluid synthesis in the early solar system. Isotopically anomalous carbonaceous grains in extraterrestrial samples represent the most pristine organics that were delivered to the early Earth. Here we report on gentle aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations of eight 15N-rich or D-rich organic grains within two carbonaceous Renazzo-type (CR) chondrites and two interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) originating from comets. Organic matter in the IDP samples is less aromatic than that in the CR chondrites, and its functional group chemistry is mainly characterized by C–O bonding and aliphatic C. Organic grains in CR chondrites are associated with carbonates and elemental Ca, which originate either from aqueous fluids or possibly an indigenous organic source. One distinct grain from the CR chondrite NWA 852 exhibits a rim structure only visible in chemical maps. The outer part is nanoglobular in shape, highly aromatic, and enriched in anomalous nitrogen. Functional group chemistry of the inner part is similar to spectra from IDP organic grains and less aromatic with nitrogen below the detection limit. The boundary between these two areas is very sharp. The direct association of both IDP-like organic matter with dominant C–O bonding environments and nanoglobular organics with dominant aromatic and C–N functionality within one unique grain provides for the first time to our knowledge strong evidence for organic synthesis in the early solar system activated by an anomalous nitrogen-containing parent body fluid.


American Mineralogist | 2014

Characteristics of djerfisherite from fluid-rich, metasomatized alkaline intrusive environments and anhydrous enstatite chondrites and achondrites

Patricia Clay; Brian O'Driscoll; B. G. J. Upton; Henner Busemann

Abstract Djerfisherite is a K-Cl-bearing sulfide that is present in both ultra-reduced extraterrestrial enstatite meteorites (enstatite chondrites or achondrites) and reduced terrestrial alkaline intrusions, kimberlites, ore deposits, and skarns. Major element chemistry of two terrestrial occurrences of djerfisherite (from the Ilímaussaq and Khibina alkaline igneous suites) and three extraterrestrial examples of djerfisherite have been determined and combined with petrographic characterization and element mapping to unravel three discrete modes of djerfisherite formation. High Fe/Cu is characteristic of extraterrestrial djerfisherite and low Fe/Cu is typical of terrestrial djerfisherite. Ilímaussaq djerfisherite, which has high-Fe contents (~55 wt%) is the exception. Low Ni contents are typical of terrestrial djerfisherite due to preferential incorporation of Fe and/or Cu over Ni, but Ni contents of up to 2.2 wt% are measured in extraterrestrial djerfisherite. Extensive interchange between K and Na is evident in extraterrestrial samples, though Na is limited (<0.15 wt%) in terrestrial djerfisherite. We propose three setting-dependent mechanisms of djerfisherite formation: primitive djerfisherite as a product of nebula condensation in the unequilibrated E chondrites; formation by extensive K-metasomatism in Khibina djerfisherite; and as a product of primary “unmixing” due to silicate-sulfide immiscibility for Ilímaussaq djerfisherite. There are several important reasons why a deeper understanding of the petrogenesis of this rare and unusual mineral is valuable: (1) its anomalously high K-contents make it a potential target for Ar-Ar geochronology to constrain the timing of metasomatic alteration; (2) typically high Cl-contents (~1.1 wt%) mean it can be used as a valuable tracer of fluid evolution during metasomatic alteration; and (3) it may be a potential source of K and magmatic Cl in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), which has implications for metal solubility and the generation of ore deposits.


Nature | 2017

Halogens in chondritic meteorites and terrestrial accretion

Patricia Clay; Ray Burgess; Henner Busemann; Lorraine Ruzié-Hamilton; Bastian Joachim; James M. D. Day; Chris J. Ballentine

Volatile element delivery and retention played a fundamental part in Earth’s formation and subsequent chemical differentiation. The heavy halogens—chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I)—are key tracers of accretionary processes owing to their high volatility and incompatibility, but have low abundances in most geological and planetary materials. However, noble gas proxy isotopes produced during neutron irradiation provide a high-sensitivity tool for the determination of heavy halogen abundances. Using such isotopes, here we show that Cl, Br and I abundances in carbonaceous, enstatite, Rumuruti and primitive ordinary chondrites are about 6 times, 9 times and 15–37 times lower, respectively, than previously reported and usually accepted estimates. This is independent of the oxidation state or petrological type of the chondrites. The ratios Br/Cl and I/Cl in all studied chondrites show a limited range, indistinguishable from bulk silicate Earth estimates. Our results demonstrate that the halogen depletion of bulk silicate Earth relative to primitive meteorites is consistent with the depletion of lithophile elements of similar volatility. These results for carbonaceous chondrites reveal that late accretion, constrained to a maximum of 0.5 ± 0.2 per cent of Earth’s silicate mass, cannot solely account for present-day terrestrial halogen inventories. It is estimated that 80–90 per cent of heavy halogens are concentrated in Earth’s surface reservoirs and have not undergone the extreme early loss observed in atmosphere-forming elements. Therefore, in addition to late-stage terrestrial accretion of halogens and mantle degassing, which has removed less than half of Earth’s dissolved mantle gases, the efficient extraction of halogen-rich fluids from the solid Earth during the earliest stages of terrestrial differentiation is also required to explain the presence of these heavy halogens at the surface. The hydropilic nature of halogens, whereby they track with water, supports this requirement, and is consistent with volatile-rich or water-rich late-stage terrestrial accretion.


Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta | 2010

Mineral associations and character of isotopically anomalous organic material in the Tagish Lake carbonaceous chondrite

Thomas J. Zega; Conel M. Od. Alexander; Henner Busemann; Larry R. Nittler; Peter Hoppe; Rhonda M. Stroud; Andrea Young


Meteoritics & Planetary Science | 2014

Fall, recovery, and characterization of the Novato L6 chondrite breccia

Peter Jenniskens; Alan E. Rubin; Qing-Zhu Yin; Derek W. G. Sears; Scott A. Sandford; Michael E. Zolensky; Alexander N. Krot; Leigh Blair; Darci J. Kane; Jason Utas; Robert S. Verish; Jon M. Friedrich; Josh Wimpenny; Gary R. Eppich; Karen Ziegler; Kenneth L. Verosub; Douglas J. Rowland; Jim Albers; Peter S. Gural; Bryant Grigsby; Marc Fries; Robert Matson; M. J. S. Johnston; Elizabeth A. Silber; Peter Brown; Akane Yamakawa; Matthew E. Sanborn; M. Laubenstein; Kees C. Welten; Kunihiko Nishiizumi


Journal Name: Science , vol. 314, N/A, December 15, 2006, pp. 1720-1724 | 2006

Organics Captured from Comet Wild 2 by the Stardust Spacecraft

S A Stanford; Jérôme Aléon; C M O'd. Alexander; Tohru Araki; Sasa Bajt; G. A. Baratta; Janet Borg; John Robert Brucato; Mark J. Burchell; Henner Busemann; Anna L. Butterworth; Simon J. Clemett; George D. Cody; L. Colangeli; Geoffrey J. T. Cooper; Louis D'Hendecourt; Zahia Djouadi; Jason P. Dworkin; Gianluca Ferrini; Holger Fleckenstein; G. J. Flynn; Ian A. Franchi; Marc Douglas Fries; Mary K. Gilles; Daniel P. Glavin; Matthieu Gounelle; Faustine Grossemy; Chris Jacobsen; Lindsay P. Keller; A D Kilcoyne


Meteoritics & Planetary Science | 2009

Collisional modification of the acapulcoite/lodranite parent body revealed by the iodine-xenon system in lodranites

S A Crowther; James A. Whitby; Alli Busfield; Greg Holland; Henner Busemann; J. D. Gilmour


In: Lunar and Planetary Science XLI; The Woodlands, Texas. 2010. p. Abstract #1947. | 2010

Abundant Primordial Xenon in Interplanetary Dust Particles from the Comet Grigg-Skjellerup Collection

Henner Busemann; N Spring; S A Crowther; J L Claydon; J D Gilmour; L R Nittler


Archive | 2007

Combined Micro-IR and Micro-Raman Analyses of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Particles Collected by Stardust

A. Rotundi; G. A. Baratta; Janet Borg; John Robert Brucato; Henner Busemann; L. Colangeli; Louis D'Hendecourt; Zahia Djouadi; Gianluca Ferrini; Ian A. Franchi; Marc Douglas Fries; Faustine Grossemy; Lindsay P. Keller; V. Mennella; K. Nakamura; Larry R. Nittler; M. E. Palumbo; Scott A. Sandford; Andrew Steele; Brigitte Wopenka


In: 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Houston. Lunar and Planetary Institute; 2015. p. Abstract #2113. | 2015

New Noble Gas Data and Further Examinations of Dust from Asteroid Itokawa

Henner Busemann; M M M Meier; F Altmann; C Alwmark; S Bajt; J Beyersdorfer; U Böttger; S A Crowther; Jamie D Gilmour; U Heitmann; H-W Hübers; C Maden; F Marone; S.G. Pavlov; U Schade; N H Spring; M Stampanoni; I. Weber

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Larry R. Nittler

Goddard Space Flight Center

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S A Crowther

University of Manchester

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Conel M. Od. Alexander

Carnegie Institution for Science

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N. H. Spring

University of Manchester

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Patricia Clay

University of Manchester

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George D. Cody

Carnegie Institution for Science

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