Henrique Ferraco Scolforo

Spatial Distribution of Aboveground Carbon Stock of the Arboreal Vegetation in Brazilian Biomes of Savanna, Atlantic Forest and Semi-Arid Woodland.

The objective of this study was to map the spatial distribution of aboveground carbon stock (using Regression-kriging) of arboreal plants in the Atlantic Forest, Semi-arid woodland, and Savanna Biomes in Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. The database used in this study was obtained from 163 forest fragments, totaling 4,146 plots of 1,000 m2 distributed in these Biomes. A geographical model for carbon stock estimation was parameterized as a function of Biome, latitude and altitude. This model was applied over the samples and the residuals generated were mapped based on geostatistical procedures, selecting the exponential semivariogram theoretical model for conducting ordinary Kriging. The aboveground carbon stock was found to have a greater concentration in the north of the State, where the largest contingent of native vegetation is located, mainly the Savanna Biome, with Wooded Savanna and Shrub Savanna phytophysiognomes. The largest weighted averages of carbon stock per hectare were found in the south-center region (48.6 Mg/ha) and in the southern part of the eastern region (48.4 Mg/ha) of Minas Gerais State, due to the greatest predominance of Atlantic Forest Biome forest fragments. The smallest weighted averages per hectare were found in the central (21.2 Mg/ha), northern (20.4 Mg/ha), and northwestern (20.7 Mg/ha) regions of Minas Gerais State, where Savanna Biome fragments are predominant, in the phytophysiognomes Wooded Savanna and Shrub Savanna.

Valuation and production possibilities on a working forest using multi-objective programming, Woodstock, timber NPV, and carbon storage and sequestration

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the trade-off between net present value (NPV) of timber resources, and carbon sequestration and storage for a working forest, the Hofmann Forest in North Carolina, USA. Multi-objective optimization is used to determine the production possibility curves showing the relationship between NPV and carbon. We then perform a sensitivity analysis to explore alternative management strategies. For carbon yields we used aboveground pools: branches, leaves, tops and bole as estimated by the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and LOBDSS using the California Carbon Market Protocols, including product carbon. Timber yields of sawtimber, chip-n-saw and pulpwood were estimated by LOBDSS for planted stands less than 49 years of age, and FVS was used for all natural stands and planted stands 49 years and over. Our results reveal that NPV opportunity costs associated with increasing carbon sequestration at Hofmann Forest are less than the current California carbon market price.

Riqueza e diversidade de espécies em um fragmento de campo cerrado por meio de krigagem ordinária

The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution and the behavior of species richness and diversity in a shrub savanna fragment, in 2003 and 2014, using ordinary kriging, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both evaluation years, the measurements were performed in a fragment with 236.85 hectares, in which individual trees were measured and identified across 40 plots (1,000 m 2 ). Species richness was determined by the total number of species in each plot, and diversity by the Shannon diversity index. For the variogram study, spatial models were fitted and selected. Then, ordinary kriging was applied and the spatial distribution of the assessed variables was described. A strong spatial dependence was observed between species richness and diversity by the Shannon diversity index (<25% spatial dependence degree). Areas of low and high species diversity and richness were found in the shrub savanna fragment. Spatial distribution behavior shows relative stability regarding the number of species and the Shannon diversity index in the evaluated years.

Management strategies of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish under different initial spacing

Eremanthus erythropappus, conhecida vulgarmente por candeia, e uma arvore nativa do Brasil, geradora de renda devido a elevada durabilidade apresentada por sua madeira e, tambem, pelo seu oleo produzido conter, como ingrediente majoritario, o alfa bisabolol. Apesar deste potencial economico, ate o inicio do ano 2000, a especie nao contemplava estudos sobre seu sistema de cultivo, tanto para o manejo sustentavel em areas de ocorrencia natural quanto para o estabelecimento de plantios comerciais. Este estudo propoe estudar novas estrategias de manejo com base em modelo de arvore individual, e avaliar o crescimento da candeia em diferentes espacamentos. O experimento teve inicio em marco de 2002, no municipio de Carrancas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A area experimental foi dividida em quatro blocos, com quatro diferentes espacamentos como tratamentos. O modelo avaliado para definir o melhor sistema de manejo foi baseado na relacao entre o desenvolvimento da area de copa e do DAP das arvores. Os resultados mostraram que a candeia foi sensivel a variacao no espacamento inicial. Aumentando o espacamento inicial, a competicao entre as arvores de candeia ocorre mais tarde, ou seja, a medida que o espacamento aumenta demora-se mais para que o plantio perca o ritmo desejado de crescimento. O modelo testado foi consistente e a tecnica baseada na arvore individual apresentou flexibilidade, fornecendo alternativas para diferentes estrategias de manejo. As melhores respostas de crescimento foram obtidas para densidades iniciais de plantio a partir de 3,75 m² por planta, area que corresponde a um espacamento de 1,5m x 2,5m.

HEIGHT-DIAMETER MODELS FOR Eucalyptus sp. PLANTATIONS IN BRAZIL

The use of height-diameter models have important applications in the management of eucalyptus plantations. The aim of this paper is to provide adequate height models based on the diameter and stand variables that could be easily used and applied to plantation’s management. The data was based on tests located in Espírito Santo and Bahia. A total of 312 plots, including 35 different treatments (different initial planting densities, number and severity of thinning operations, fertilization regimes, among others), and four different clones. This resulted in 2,407 conditions for 85,608 tree measurements. The constructed equations were based on mixed-effect models, in order to accommodate possible autocorrelations, to address variations between sites and to obtain locally calibrated estimates. Among the different model structures and combination of variables tested and presented, the best model showed a coefficient of determination of 0.953 and 0.988, for the fixed and fixed+random parts, respectively. The model included a random factor for measurements-within-tree and tree-within-plot. The bias of the fixed part was 0.208 cm (0.0659%). We believe the models in this study can have broad applications in management and inventory methods applied to plantations. HEIGHT-DIAMETER MODELS FOR EUCALYPTUS SP. PLANTATIONS IN BRAZIL