Henry Eyring
University of Utah
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Featured researches published by Henry Eyring.
Journal of Applied Physics | 1955
Taikyue Ree; Henry Eyring
The relaxation process of viscous flow may be visualized as the sudden shifting of some small patch on one side of a shear surface with respect to the neighboring material on the other side of the shear surface. Any shear surface will divide a mosaic of such patches lying on the two sides of the surface. Except for the simplest systems, this mosaic of patches will be heterogeneous and can be described by groups each characterized by its mean relaxation time βn, by xn the fractional area of the shear surface which the group occupies and by αn, a characteristic shear volume divided by kT. The resulting generalized expression for viscosity is η= ∑ n=1nxnβnαnsinh−1βnṡβnṡ, where ṡ is the rate of shear. This equation is applied to masticated natural rubber, polystyrene, X‐672 GR‐S, X‐518 GR‐S rubber, and Vistanex LM‐S polyisobutylene. All applications give good agreement with experiment. The known criticisms of Eyrings simple relaxation theory for viscous flow are reviewed, and are apparently taken care of in ...
Journal of Applied Physics | 1958
Nishio Hirai; Henry Eyring
The mechanisms for bulk viscosity are different between associated and nonassociated liquids. Here, a new mechanism for bulk viscosity is proposed from the standpoint of the hole theory of liquids and the rate process theory. This mechanism can explain the temperature and pressure dependencies of acoustic absorption for associated liquids and very viscous nonassociated liquids.
Electrochimica Acta | 1969
W. Paik; T.N. Andersen; Henry Eyring
Abstract The reduction of CO2 to HCOOH has been studied for the Hg electrode in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions in the potential range between −0.8 and −1.9 V(sce). In the neutral pH range all the current is consumed in the production of formic acid, while in acid solutions both HCOOH and H2 are produced. Steady-state polarization curves, cathodic galvanostatic charging curves. current-efficiency measurements, reaction orders with respect to CO2 partial pressure, and double-layer variation have been used to determine possible reaction pathways. In neutral solutions the mechanism may be described by a direct reduction of CO2 in which two consecutive charge-transfer steps occur. In acidic solutions the above process occurs in parallel with the reduction of H3O+ ions. The H atoms formed react in a branching mechanism either with H3 O+ ions and electrons to yield H2, or with CO2 to yield eventually HCOOH.
Journal of Chemical Physics | 1966
Mu Shik Jhon; Joe Grosh; Taikyue Ree; Henry Eyring
Significant‐structure theory has been successfully applied to water and heavy water. The thermodynamic and transport properties have been calculated and the theory gives maximum density at near 4°C for H2O and at near 11.23°C for D2O. Further, the calculated results for entropy of vaporization, vapor pressure, molar volume, heat capacity, and the critical values are in good agreement with the observed values. The calculated curve for viscosity under pressure above 1 atm shows the observed minimum and is in satisfactory numerical agreement with the experimental values. According to our model, clusters of Ice‐I‐like molecules are in equilibrium with Ice‐III‐like molecules. The lifetime of the Ice‐I‐like cage structures is long compared to the relaxation time in viscous flow but fast compared to the relaxations observed in NMR.
Journal of Chemical Physics | 1960
Allen Kropf; Edward M. Eyring; Austin L. Wahrhaftig; Henry Eyring
The mass spectra of propane and of propane‐2,2‐d2 have been calculated assuming that the mass spectra result from successive and competing unimolecular reactions following initial vertical ionization of the parent molecules. Reasonable agreement with experiment is found for the change in mass spectral pattern with deuterium substitution. The metastable ion peaks are shown to be a normal part of the mass spectrum.
Textile Research Journal | 1963
W. Dale Felix; Max A. McDowall; Henry Eyring
Four types of wool and three types of mohair were examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) in the natural and dried states. The DTA curves of wool and mohair were not significantly different. Curves for both in the natural state showed an endotherm at 130–145°, ascribed to the vaporization of bound water, and endotherms at 220–230° and 230–250° accompanied by charring, the release of gaseous decomposition products, and, ultimately, liquefaction. Derivatives of one type of wool and one type of mohair prepared by acetylation or modification of the disulfide cross-linkages were compared with unmodified materials by DTA. Differences in the DTA curves are described, and possible correlations of these with the changes in chemical structure are suggested. Collagen, gelatin, silk, horn keratin, cystine, and cysteine hydrochloride were also characterized.
Journal of Chemical Physics | 1970
Dong Sik Choi; Mu Shik Jhon; Henry Eyring
While the theory of the dependence of surface tension on curvature was well formulated in 1950, experimental support for the surface tension of molecular‐sized spherical interfaces is extremely sparse. Here, a correlation between the solubility of a solute gas and the surface tension of the solvent liquid is discussed theoretically and the curvature dependence of the surface tension is calculated for C6H6, C6H12, and CCl4. The determined dividing thickness, Z, for CCl4, C6H6, and C6H12 is 4.7, 4.2 and 4.9 A, respectively. The calculated values of the solubility and the molar heat of solution for various gases He, Ne, H2, O2, N2, Ar, CH4, and Kr shows good agreement with experimental data. The equilibrium radius and the surface tension at that radius are evaluated and tabulated.
Journal of Chemical Physics | 1964
Teresa S. Ree; Taikyue Ree; Henry Eyring
The approximation is made that the dividing surface between a liquid and its vapor phase is a monomolecular layer, in which a molecule has a free volume larger than for an interior molecule and a potential energy less than for the latter. By introducing the approximation into the significant structure theory of liquids, a partition function fN is derived which involves the terms belonging to the surface as well as to the bulk liquid. The surface tension is calculated by γ = (∂A/∂Ω)N,V,T, where A is the Helmholtz free energy which equals —kTlnfN, Ω is the surface area, N the total number of molecules in the system, V the volume of the liquid, and T the absolute temperature. The surface tensions of nonpolar substances at various temperatures are calculated with good results. Our theory is compared with other theories, and it is found that the present theory most satisfactorily predicts the surface tensions at various temperatures.
Anesthesiology | 1974
Issaku Ueda; Donald D. Shieh; Henry Eyring
A synthetic L-α-dipalmitoyl lecithin monolayer at an air-water interface was used as a model to study the effects of volatile anesthetics on cell membranes. Methoxyflurane, chloroform, halothane, enflurane and fluroxene were used in this study. When the surface pressure of the monolayer was kept constant, anesthetics at clinically effective tensions expaned the area 0.5 per cent When the area of the monolayer was kept constant, the surface pressure was increased about 1.0 dyn/cm by anesthetics. This increase of the surface energy was caused by the addition of 2.70 x 1013 anesthetic molecules to one square cm of the interface. The surface pressure-surface area curve shows a discontinuity, and a transition from liquid-expanded phase to liquid-condensed phase occurs at this point The liquid-expanded phase is regarded as the “melted” state of the monolayer. Anesthetics shifted the phase transition point towards a more condensed region, indicating melting of the monolayer membrane. Anesthetics decreased the latent heat and entropy change of the phase transition, implying that anesthetics facilitate the melting of the membrane. The compressional modulus, a measure of the rigidity of the monolayer, was decreased by anesthetics. This decrease of rigidity, or increase of fluidity, was also disclosed by analysis of the hysteresis curve (surface pressure-surface area) obtained by compression and expansion of the monolayer. The results support the unfolding theory of anesthesia which postulates that disordering and
Journal of Chemical Physics | 1951
C. R. Mueller; Henry Eyring
Semilocalized orbitals are defined and applied to the hydrogen molecule. The basic criteria for the analytic form of this kind of orbital is that it shall assume either molecular or atomic orbital form for certain special values of the variational parameters. A binding energy of 4.20 ev is found in comparison with 3.60 and 3.76 ev obtained from the best molecular and atomic orbital calculations. The physical interpretation of the results is briefly discussed.