Henry Gebhardt

SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FITTING OF HETDEX PILOT SURVEY Lyα EMITTERS IN COSMOS AND GOODS-N

We use broadband photometry extending from the rest-frame UV to the near-IR to fit the individual spectral energy distributions of 63 bright (L(Lyα) > 10 43 erg s −1 )L yα emitting galaxies (LAEs) in the redshift range 1.9 <z <3.6. We find that these LAEs are quite heterogeneous, with stellar masses that span over three orders of magnitude, from 7.5 < log M/M� < 10.5. Moreover, although most LAEs have small amounts of extinction, some high-mass objects have stellar reddenings as large as E(B − V) ∼ 0.4. Interestingly, in dusty objects the optical depths for Lyα and the UV continuum are always similar, indicating that Lyα photons are not undergoing many scatters before escaping their galaxy. In contrast, the ratio of optical depths in low-reddening systems can vary widely, illustrating the diverse nature of the systems. Finally, we show that in the star-formation-rate‐log-mass diagram, our LAEs fall above the “main-sequence” defined by z ∼ 3 continuum selected star-forming galaxies. In this respect, they are similar to submillimeter-selected galaxies, although most LAEs have much lower mass.

HST Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: The Ly-alpha Escape Fraction

We compare the Hβ line strengths of 1.90 < z < 2.35 star-forming galaxies observed with the near-IR grism of the Hubble Space Telescope with ground-based measurements of Lyα from the HETDEX Pilot Survey and narrow-band imaging. By examining the line ratios of 73 galaxies, we show that most star-forming systems at this epoch have a Lyα escape fraction below ∼6%. We confirm this result by using stellar reddening to estimate the effective logarithmic extinction of the Hβ emission line (c {sub Hβ} = 0.5) and measuring both the Hβ and Lyα luminosity functions in a ∼100, 000 Mpc{sup 3} volume of space. We show that in our redshift window, the volumetric Lyα escape fraction is at most 4.4{sub −1.2}{sup +2.1}%, with an additional systematic ∼25% uncertainty associated with our estimate of extinction. Finally, we demonstrate that the bulk of the epochs star-forming galaxies have Lyα emission line optical depths that are significantly greater than that for the underlying UV continuum. In our predominantly [O III] λ5007-selected sample of galaxies, resonant scattering must be important for the escape of Lyα photons.We compare the H-beta line strengths of 1.90 < z < 2.35 star-forming galaxies observed with the near-IR grism of the Hubble Space Telescope with ground-based measurements of Ly-alpha from the HETDEX Pilot Survey and narrow-band imaging. By examining the line ratios of 73 galaxies, we show that most star-forming systems at this epoch have a Ly-alpha escape fraction below ~6%. We confirm this result by using stellar reddening to estimate the effective logarithmic extinction of the H-beta emission line (c_Hbeta = 0.5) and measuring both the H-beta and Ly-alpha luminosity functions in a ~ 100,000 cubic Mpc volume of space. We show that in our redshift window, the volumetric Ly-alpha escape fraction is at most 4.4+/-2.1(1.2)%, with an additional systematic ~25% uncertainty associated with our estimate of extinction. Finally, we demonstrate that the bulk of the epochs star-forming galaxies have Ly-alpha emission line optical depths that are significantly greater than that for the underlying UV continuum. In our predominantly [O~III] 5007-selected sample of galaxies, resonant scattering must be important for the escape of Ly-alpha photons.

HST EMISSION LINE GALAXIES at z ∼ 2: COMPARING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of LYMAN ALPHA and OPTICAL EMISSION LINE SELECTED GALAXIES

We compare the physical and morphological properties of z ~ 2 Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs) identified in the HETDEX Pilot Survey and narrow band studies with those of z ~ 2 optical emission line galaxies (oELGs) identified via HST WFC3 infrared grism spectroscopy. Both sets of galaxies extend over the same range in stellar mass (7.5 < logM < 10.5), size (0.5 < R < 3.0 kpc), and star-formation rate (~1 < SFR < 100). Remarkably, a comparison of the most commonly used physical and morphological parameters -- stellar mass, half-light radius, UV slope, star formation rate, ellipticity, nearest neighbor distance, star formation surface density, specific star formation rate, [O III] luminosity, and [O III] equivalent width -- reveals no statistically significant differences between the populations. This suggests that the processes and conditions which regulate the escape of Ly-alpha from a z ~ 2 star-forming galaxy do not depend on these quantities. In particular, the lack of dependence on the UV slope suggests that Ly-alpha emission is not being significantly modulated by diffuse dust in the interstellar medium. We develop a simple model of Ly-alpha emission that connects LAEs to all high-redshift star forming galaxies where the escape of Ly-alpha depends on the sightline through the galaxy. Using this model, we find that mean solid angle for Ly-alpha escape is 2.4+/-0.8 steradians; this value is consistent with those calculated from other studies.

YOUNG, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AND THEIR LOCAL COUNTERPARTS: THE EVOLVING RELATIONSHIP OF MASS–SFR–METALLICITY SINCE z ∼ 2.1

We explore the evolution of the Stellar Mass-Star Formation Rate-Metallicity Relation using a set of 256 COSMOS and GOODS galaxies in the redshift range 1.90 3 . 10^40 ergs s^-1) local galaxies, and this offset cannot be explained by simple systematic offsets in the derived quantities. At stellar masses above ~10^9 Msol and star formation rates above ~10 Msol yr^-1, the z ~ 2.1 galaxies have higher oxygen abundances than their local counterparts, while the opposite is true for lower-mass, lower-SFR systems.

Hubble Space Telescope Emission-line Galaxies at z ~ 2: The Mystery of Neon

We use near-infrared grism spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope to examine the strength of [Ne III] λ3869 relative to Hβ, [O II] λ3727, and [O III] λ5007 in 236 low-mass (7.5 ≲ log (M {sub *}/M {sub ☉}) ≲ 10.5) star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 1.90 < z < 2.35. By stacking the data by stellar mass, we show that the [Ne III]/[O II] ratios of the z ∼ 2 universe are marginally higher than those seen in a comparable set of local Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies, and that [Ne III]/[O III] is enhanced by ∼0.2 dex. We consider the possible explanations for this ∼4σ result, including higher oxygen depletion out of the gas phase, denser H II regions, higher production of {sup 22}Ne via Wolf-Rayet stars, and the existence of a larger population of X-ray obscured active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 2 compared to z ∼ 0. None of these simple scenarios, alone, are favored to explain the observed line ratios. We conclude by suggesting several avenues of future observations to further explore the mystery of enhanced [Ne III] emission.

Hubble space telescope emission line galaxies at z ∼ 2: the Lyα escape fraction

We compare the Hβ line strengths of 1.90 < z < 2.35 star-forming galaxies observed with the near-IR grism of the Hubble Space Telescope with ground-based measurements of Lyα from the HETDEX Pilot Survey and narrow-band imaging. By examining the line ratios of 73 galaxies, we show that most star-forming systems at this epoch have a Lyα escape fraction below ∼6%. We confirm this result by using stellar reddening to estimate the effective logarithmic extinction of the Hβ emission line (c {sub Hβ} = 0.5) and measuring both the Hβ and Lyα luminosity functions in a ∼100, 000 Mpc{sup 3} volume of space. We show that in our redshift window, the volumetric Lyα escape fraction is at most 4.4{sub −1.2}{sup +2.1}%, with an additional systematic ∼25% uncertainty associated with our estimate of extinction. Finally, we demonstrate that the bulk of the epochs star-forming galaxies have Lyα emission line optical depths that are significantly greater than that for the underlying UV continuum. In our predominantly [O III] λ5007-selected sample of galaxies, resonant scattering must be important for the escape of Lyα photons.We compare the H-beta line strengths of 1.90 < z < 2.35 star-forming galaxies observed with the near-IR grism of the Hubble Space Telescope with ground-based measurements of Ly-alpha from the HETDEX Pilot Survey and narrow-band imaging. By examining the line ratios of 73 galaxies, we show that most star-forming systems at this epoch have a Ly-alpha escape fraction below ~6%. We confirm this result by using stellar reddening to estimate the effective logarithmic extinction of the H-beta emission line (c_Hbeta = 0.5) and measuring both the H-beta and Ly-alpha luminosity functions in a ~ 100,000 cubic Mpc volume of space. We show that in our redshift window, the volumetric Ly-alpha escape fraction is at most 4.4+/-2.1(1.2)%, with an additional systematic ~25% uncertainty associated with our estimate of extinction. Finally, we demonstrate that the bulk of the epochs star-forming galaxies have Ly-alpha emission line optical depths that are significantly greater than that for the underlying UV continuum. In our predominantly [O~III] 5007-selected sample of galaxies, resonant scattering must be important for the escape of Ly-alpha photons.

Hubble space telescope emission line galaxies at z ∼ 2

We compare the Hβ line strengths of 1.90 < z < 2.35 star-forming galaxies observed with the near-IR grism of the Hubble Space Telescope with ground-based measurements of Lyα from the HETDEX Pilot Survey and narrow-band imaging. By examining the line ratios of 73 galaxies, we show that most star-forming systems at this epoch have a Lyα escape fraction below ∼6%. We confirm this result by using stellar reddening to estimate the effective logarithmic extinction of the Hβ emission line (c {sub Hβ} = 0.5) and measuring both the Hβ and Lyα luminosity functions in a ∼100, 000 Mpc{sup 3} volume of space. We show that in our redshift window, the volumetric Lyα escape fraction is at most 4.4{sub −1.2}{sup +2.1}%, with an additional systematic ∼25% uncertainty associated with our estimate of extinction. Finally, we demonstrate that the bulk of the epochs star-forming galaxies have Lyα emission line optical depths that are significantly greater than that for the underlying UV continuum. In our predominantly [O III] λ5007-selected sample of galaxies, resonant scattering must be important for the escape of Lyα photons.We compare the H-beta line strengths of 1.90 < z < 2.35 star-forming galaxies observed with the near-IR grism of the Hubble Space Telescope with ground-based measurements of Ly-alpha from the HETDEX Pilot Survey and narrow-band imaging. By examining the line ratios of 73 galaxies, we show that most star-forming systems at this epoch have a Ly-alpha escape fraction below ~6%. We confirm this result by using stellar reddening to estimate the effective logarithmic extinction of the H-beta emission line (c_Hbeta = 0.5) and measuring both the H-beta and Ly-alpha luminosity functions in a ~ 100,000 cubic Mpc volume of space. We show that in our redshift window, the volumetric Ly-alpha escape fraction is at most 4.4+/-2.1(1.2)%, with an additional systematic ~25% uncertainty associated with our estimate of extinction. Finally, we demonstrate that the bulk of the epochs star-forming galaxies have Ly-alpha emission line optical depths that are significantly greater than that for the underlying UV continuum. In our predominantly [O~III] 5007-selected sample of galaxies, resonant scattering must be important for the escape of Ly-alpha photons.