Henry J. Montoye

Maximal oxygen uptake and blood lipids.

One thousand and sixty males and 119 females age 10-69, were tested on the treadmill as they walked at 3 mph (2 mph in subjects 60 yr and older). Every 3 min, the grade was increased 3%. Oxygen uptake and related measurements were recorded during the 3rd min .at each grade. Subjects, age 10-39, exercised to. exhaustion and maximal oxygen uptake (VOz max) was measured. In subjects age m9, VOz max was estimated from sub-max VO1 and heart rate. Serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride were determined in most of these subjects. After remov- ing the effects of age, wt and sum of four skinfolds, nonfasting values of cholesterol and triglycer- ide concentrations were unrelated to 90, max.

Heart Rate Response to a Modified Harvard Step Test: Males and Females, Age 10–69

Abstract The residents of an entire community are being examined periodically in an effort to determine the etiologic factors which lead to impaired health. As a part of this study, a submaximal test consisting of stepping onto an 8-inch bench at the rate of 24 steps/ minute for three minutes was administered to 2696 males and 2568 females, aged 10–69. The ECG, from which heart rate (HR) was measured, was recorded before, during, and after the exercise. Resting, exercise, and postexercise HRs are significantly higher for females at all ages. Pre-exercise HR decreases from age 10 to about age 25 in males and females, and shows little age change thereafter. In both males and females the terminal (3 minute) HR decreases from age 10 to 35, remains fairly constant to age 55, and decreases thereafter. The postexercise HR decreases again at age 65 in males and females. Reclining pre-exercise HR is moderately correlated with the exercise and postexercise HR at all ages in males and females. However, there is onl...

The Longevity and Morbidity of College Athletes

This well-designed study does not prove that athletic participation affects longevity and morbidity. Perhaps the same study of highly trained athletes would produce different results.

Effects of Exercise and Milk Consumption on Blood Serum Cholesterol in Rats

Abstract This study investigated the effects of exercise on blood cholesterol and correlated those effects with estimates of body fat through experiments with 45 albino weanling rats (15 litter mate trios). The rats were confined to individual cages in a temperature-controlled room and fed a stock diet until they were 11 weeks old. At this time the trios were divided. Group A was continued on a stock diet and exercised for an hour in the morning and an hour in the afternoon by forced swimming. Group B was subjected to the same exercise but a portion of the stock diet was replaced with powdered whole milk, so that 30 percent of the caloric intake was derived from the whole milk supplement. Group C was fed the stock diet but activity was restricted. After 15 weeks blood samples were taken, the animals sacrificed, and the heart and adrenals weighed. The specific gravity of the carcass was also determined. Exercise resulted in a statistically significant decrease in total and free blood serum cholesterol conc...

Grip Strength of School Children, Saginaw, Michigan: 1899 and 1964

Abstract In 1899, Carmen reported grip strength data on 1,507 children, ages 10–18, who represented about 20 percent of the school population of Saginaw, Michigan. A 6 percent sample of the children attending the Saginaw public schools in 1962–63 were tested using the same type of grip dynamometer. The 1962–63 children were advanced by about 1–1½ years (5 kg) when compared to the 1899 sample. This difference is probably due to the fact that children are bigger now than they were when Carmen reported her data.

Physical fitness of high school students and participation in physical education classes.

Abstract The AAHPER youth fitness test battery, a trunk flexion test, and trunk extension test were administered to 99% of the boys and girls in a senior high school (grades 9–12). The children in this school are required each term to enroll in five “solid” subjects and select one elective (physical education, band, chorus, or art). The relationship between the elective currently selected by the boys and girls and scores on the fitness test was studied. It was clear that boys and girls enrolled in physical education scored highest; those in band were next; and those in art or chorus had the poorest scores. Children were next grouped as to whether they had elected (a) physical education essentially all of their semesters in school, (b) about half of the semesters or (c) never elected physical education. In the case of the boys, the mean difference in fitness scores of those who had had 7 or 8 semesters of physical education (seniors) compared with age-matched boys who had never elected physical education w...

Relationship of Organ Weight and Swimming Performance in the Albino Rat

Abstract The relationship between organ weight and swimming capacity was determined in 42 male albino rats. Upon completion of a 4-week training program, the animals were forced to swim to exhaustion with 2 percent of the body weight attached. They were sacrificed and specific gravity and organ weights determined. The results warrant the following conclusions: A significant (p < .05) but low correlation exists between the relative weight of the spleen and lungs with swimming performance. The correlation of relative heart weight and swimming performance approached statistical significance (p < .06). Attaching a weight proportional to the body weight to increase the energy cost of swimming penalizes the heavier animals. Correcting for the inverse relationship between body weight and swim time does not alter appreciably the relationships between organ weights and swim time.

Systolic preejection period.

Orthogonal electrocardiograms (axial lead systerm), phonocardiograms, and indirect carotid arterial pulse tracings were recorded on 602 normal people and 44 with cardiovascular disease. From these recordings, time of systole (QS2), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and preejection period (PEP) were measured. There was no significant difference between the normal individuals and patients in QS2 or reclining heart rate but LVET tended to be shorter and PEP longer in the patients. These differences persisted when LVET and PEP were corrected for heart rate. However, as there was much overlap of the values for normals and patients, the differences between the two groups were not marked.

The Effect of High Fat and High Carbohydrate Diets on Spontaneous Activity in Albino Mice

Abstract In an attempt to assess the effect of diets containing high percentages of fat and carbohydrate on spontaneous activity, albino mice were divided into three groups. One was fed a fat-rich diet, another was fed a carbohydrate-rich diet, and a third was given a control diet. All feeding was ad libitum. The three groups were placed in spontaneous-activity cages, and their activity was recorded over a period of 8 weeks. No effect of diet on spontaneous activity was observed. However, the food intake of the three groups differed significantly: the animals on the high-fat (hence high-calorie) diet consuming only about one-half the food in grams per day of that consumed by the high-carbohydrate animals. The food consumption of the control (mixed-diet) group was in between.