Herman Siplet

Effects of ethanol on the gastric mucosa of the Heidenhain pouch of dogs.

The effect of ethanol on the mucosa of the Heidenhain pouch in dogs was studied by instilling ethanol in concentrations of 10, 20 and 40% using changes in ionic fluxes of an acid solution and mucosal alterations to measure the effects of ethanol. The instillation of 20 or 40% ethanol resulted in increased insorption of H+ and increased exorption of Na+ into the pouch lumen. Following the administration of 20 and 40% ethanol, the mucous layer and mucin content of the lining epithelial cells decreased markedly. Hourly bathing with the acid test solution aggravated the injury and induced bleeding, but hourly instillation of a buffer solution minimized the damage. Ionic fluxes returned to pre-ethanol levels 2 hr after 20% ethanol and 3–4 hr after 40% ethanol. Partial restoration of mucosal damage occurred in 4–6 hr and was complete in 24 hr.

An evaluation of some antacid and antipeptic agents in the prevention of gastric ulceration in the rat

Using a simple method, developed in our laboratory, for producing ulcers in rats, we have evaluated a number of therapeutic agents used in the management of gastric and duodenal ulcer for their ability to protect the rumen against ulcerations and for their antacid and antipeptic action. Included in the study were Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and colloidal aluminum hydroxide, singly and in mixtures, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium oxide, di-basic aluminum aminoacetate, magnesium trisilicate, and sodium bicarbonate. The protection of the rumen mucosa was greatest but not complete with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and colloidal aluminum hydroxide used singly. The other agents showed a diminishing protective action in the order in which they have been enumerated above. Sodium bicarbonate was the least effective. When combined in a mixture, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and colloidal aluminum hydroxide exhibited synergistic beneficial effects and protected the rumen against ulcerations completely. The practical possibilities of combining these two agents in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer are discussed. Our results accent the importance of pepsin in the development of ulceration. With a pH which is just low enough to allow pepsin to act, severity of ulceration was found to be directly related to the “peptic activity” of the recovered gastric contents and was not dependent upon further variations in acidity or in “pepsin concentration.”

Effect of a gastrin preparation on gastric secretion in chronic fistula rats

ConclusionUpon subcutaneous injection to chronic fistula rats gastrin extract prepared from hog antral mucosa was found to be a highly potent agent in stimulating acidity, volume, and total acid output of gastric secretion. Its potency was not appreciably affected by storage in the frozen state for more than 1 year.No stimulation of pepsin secretion by the gastrin extract was observed.In addition, certain effects were noted which suggested the presence in the extract of material inhibiting volume, total acid output, and pepsin secretion levels. No clues as to the nature or the significance of the inhibitory action were found.

Observations on hepatic histology and function in alcoholic dogs.

Six dogs were administered excessive quantities of ethanol daily through an esophagostomy, for periods ranging from 10 to 18 months. Ethanol levels of venous blood after alcohol was administered ranged from 315 to 477 mg%. Animals were fed a balanced diet. Serial biopsy specimens of the liver revealed fatty metamorphosis in 4 of 6 dogs, as well as degenerative changes of the hepatocytes, including eosinophilic hyaline bodies, cellular necrosis, infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and centrolobular fibrosis. These histologic alterations of the liver are comparable to those observed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis or alcoholic liver disease other than cirrhosis. In 3 control dogs, there were no changes in hepatic function or in the histologic appearance of the liver. Liver function abnormalities which developed included elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and decreased serum albumin levels. The present investigation indicates that daily administration of excessive amounts of ethanol over a prolonged period can produce hepatic lesions similar to those observed in human alcoholic liver disease.

Protection of Gastric Mucosa of the Rat against Ulceration by Prefeeding with Protein Hydrolysates

Summary The supplementing of an already adequate diet with protein hydrolysates in amounts equivalent to 25% of additional protein produced in rats a marked increase in the resistance of the gastric rumen to peptic ulceration without concurrent changes in the volume, the acidity, or the peptic power of the gastric contents. This protective effect was not accompanied by any significant changes in the rate of growth of these animals as compared with animals on a control diet supplemented with sucrose alone.

Serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in experimental intestinal ischemia

Abstract Serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase were measured in dogs with bowel ischemia. The length of ischemic segment was determined at operation and the ischemic lesions were studied grossly and histologically. Alkaline phosphatase increased up to 8.6 times the preoperative level, proportional to both the degree of ischemia and the degree of tissue damage. Transaminase level, though it increased up to 2.8 times the preoperative level, did not show a clear relationship to the extent of bowel ischemia.

Serum Enzyme Changes Following Selective Superior Mesenteric Arteriography in Dogs

Abstract Methylglucamine diatrizoate (Renografin-60) was injected into the mesenteric circulation of mongrel dogs and its effects upon serum enzyme activity were studied. A significant elevation in both SGOT and alkaline phosphatase levels was demonstrated, most marked 24 hours after injection. This increase is attributed to possible liver damage.

Liver Profile after Umbilical Portography

Liver function studies were performed in 11 patients immediately preceding and serially after umbilical portography. Portography was carried out using 60 ml Renografin 60% (diatrizoate meglumine and sodium) at a rate of 15 ml∕sec. These tests, performed on venous blood samples withdrawn immediately, 3, 6, 24, 48 hours, and 1 week after portography, demonstrated no significant changes from preportography values. The results indicate that Renografin 60% has no toxic effect on the liver, in the dose used, for routine “umbilical portography.”